“…The settling times under the influence of centrifugal acceleration (used to speed up the separation) can then be expressed by an integrated form of Stokes' law originally developed by Svedberg and Nichols [42] and later modified by Jackson [40].…”
A new simple, robust and low-cost wet laboratory method for the generation of the <10 μm (PM10) particle size fraction is reported. A sedimentation method is directly compared with a centrifugation method for generation of the PM10 fraction. Both approaches are based on an integrated form of Stokes' law. Subsequently the sedimentation method was adopted. The results from the sedimentation method were corroborated using particle size distribution measurements. This approach for the generation of the PM10 fraction was applied to soil and mine waste samples from Mitrovica, Kosovo as part of an investigation in to the human risk assessment from inhalation of the PM10 fraction containing potentially harmful elements (PHEs). The average daily dose for Cd from the inhalation of suspended soil particles was calculated to be 0.021 and 0.010 μg kg(-1) BW d(-1) for a child and an adult, respectively. This corresponded to an inhalation dose of 0.50 and 0.70 μg Cdd(-1) for a child (20 kg) and an adult (70 kg), respectively.
“…The settling times under the influence of centrifugal acceleration (used to speed up the separation) can then be expressed by an integrated form of Stokes' law originally developed by Svedberg and Nichols [42] and later modified by Jackson [40].…”
A new simple, robust and low-cost wet laboratory method for the generation of the <10 μm (PM10) particle size fraction is reported. A sedimentation method is directly compared with a centrifugation method for generation of the PM10 fraction. Both approaches are based on an integrated form of Stokes' law. Subsequently the sedimentation method was adopted. The results from the sedimentation method were corroborated using particle size distribution measurements. This approach for the generation of the PM10 fraction was applied to soil and mine waste samples from Mitrovica, Kosovo as part of an investigation in to the human risk assessment from inhalation of the PM10 fraction containing potentially harmful elements (PHEs). The average daily dose for Cd from the inhalation of suspended soil particles was calculated to be 0.021 and 0.010 μg kg(-1) BW d(-1) for a child and an adult, respectively. This corresponded to an inhalation dose of 0.50 and 0.70 μg Cdd(-1) for a child (20 kg) and an adult (70 kg), respectively.
“…AUC was invented by Svedberg in 1923 [33] (Nobel Laureate, Chemistry, 1926). The system becomes a practical tool for the analysis of bipolymer heterogeneity when UV/VIS absorption optics and Rayleigh interference optics were developed.…”
The rebirth of modern analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) began in 1990s. Since then many advanced AUC detectors have been developed that provide a vast range of versatile choices when characterizing the physical and chemical features of macromolecules. In addition, there have been remarkable advances in software that allow the analysis of AUC data using more sophisticated models, including quaternary structures, conformational changes, and biomolecular interactions. Here we report the application of AUC to protein size-and-shape distribution analysis and structure-and-function analysis in the presence of ligands or lipids. Using band-sedimentation velocity, quaternary structural changes and an enzyme's catalytic activity can be observed simultaneously. This provides direct insights into the correlation between quaternary structure and catalytic activity of the enzyme. On the other hand, also in this study, we have applied size-and-shape distribution analysis to a lipid-binding protein in either an aqueous or lipid environment. The sedimentation velocity data for the protein with or without lipid were evaluated using the c(s,f(r)) two-dimensional distribution model, which provides a precise and quantitative means of analyzing the protein's conformational changes.
“…A large number of methods are available for the analysis of particle size and its distribution such as analytical ultracentrifugation, field flow fractionation, and dynamic light scattering. Analytical ultracentrifugation is a method of choice in most of the cases owing to its high statistical capability and versatility to analyze a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic particle systems with a wide range of sizes [1][2][3]. A sedimentation velocity experiment is the commonly used method where the change in the sample concentration as a function of radius of the ultracentrifugation cell and sedimentation time is recorded [4][5][6][7][8].…”
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