Determination of Silver(I) by Electrothermal-AAS in a Microdroplet Formed from a Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction System Using Tetraspirocyclohexylcalix[4]pyrroles

Abstract

A simple and efficient method for the selective separation and preconcentration of Ag+ using homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction was developed. Tetraspirocyclohexylcalix[4]pyrrole (TSCC4P) was synthesized and investigated as a suitable selective complexing ligand for Ag+. Zonyl FSA (FSA) was applied as a phase-separator agent under mild pH conditions. Under the optimal conditions ([TSCC4P] = 3.4 x 10(-4) M, [THF] = 25.0% v/v, [FSA] = 1.25% w/v, and pH = 4.5), 5 microg of Ag+ in 6.0 ml aqueous phase could be extracted quantitatively into 20 microl of the sedimented phase. The maximum concentration factor was 300-fold. The limit of detection of the proposed method was 0.005 ng/ml. The reproducibility of the proposed method was at most 3.5%. The influence of the pH, type and volume of the water-miscible organic solvent, concentration of FSA, concentration of the complexing ligand and the effect of different diverse ions on the extraction and determination of Ag+ were investigated. The proposed method was applied to the extraction and determination of Ag+ in different water samples.

Electrochemical determination of Ag-ions in environment waters and their action on plant embryos

“…The commonly used techniques for the silver ions determination in biological samples are atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, stripping voltammetry and others [4,[13][14][15][16][17]. An exception to this is the use of potentiometry or ion selective electrodes [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Separation and Recycling for Rare Earth Elements by Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) Using a pH-Responsive Fluorine-Based Surfactant

“…Therefore, this compound displays weak acidity because a spacer of some methylene groups is introduced between the fluorocarbon chain and the hydrophilic group, as compared to the strongly acidic PFOA. Applications of the separation and concentration of chlorophyll-a [22], silver complex [23], copper complex [24], indium complexes [25], and aluminum/titanium with 1,10-phenanthroline complexes [26] have been reported by HoLLE using this phase-separating agent. In this paper, the extraction for 62 kinds of elements were examined and a high-efficiency separation and recycling system of rare earth elements using Zonyl FSA ® as a phase-separating agent based on HoLLE, without the use of a chelating reagent, is described.…”

Use of derivatised L-methionine for efficient extraction of Ag(I) by tracer technique

“…Some ion exchangers have been reported for the separation of Ag(I). Grader et al [16], have studies the adsorption properties of natural calcium cliptolite for Ag(I) ions. Akitimiti [17] employed radiotracer method to study the adsorption of Ag(I) on the fluoride.…”