Determination of Sex by Discriminant Function Analysis of Linear Diameters in Bosnian Human Skulls

Ajanović, Zurifa; Sarač-Hadžihalilović, Aida; Gojak, Refet

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4166-2_14

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The results of studies conducted on a sample of skulls from the Bosnian population showed the existence of sex differences on different parts of the skull with the application of different methodologies [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

Ajanović

Dervišević

et al. 2023

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Background. Understanding the anatomy and morphological variability of the orbital region is of great importance in clinical practice, forensic medicine, and biological anthropology. Several methods are used to estimate sex based on the skeleton or parts of the skeleton: classic methods and the geometric morphometric method. The objective of this research was to analyse sex estimation of the orbital region on a sample of skulls from a Bosnian population using the geometric morphometric method. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on three-dimensional models of 211 human adult skulls (139 males and 72 females) from the Osteological Collection at the Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo. The skulls were recorded using a laser scanner to obtain skull 3D models. We marked 12 landmarks on each model to analyse sexual dimorphism. Landmarks were marked using the program Landmark Editor. After marking the landmarks, we used the MorphoJ program to analyse the morphological variability between male and female orbital regions. Results. After Procrustes superimposition, generating a covariant matrix, and introducing sex as a variable for classification, a discriminant functional analysis (DFA) was applied which determined the estimation for males with 86.33% accuracy and for females with 88.89% based on the form of the orbital region. The results of regression analysis showed that the size of the orbital region has a statistically significant effect on its shape’s sexual dimorphism. After excluding the influence of size and providing DFA, we concluded that sex estimation was possible with 82.01% accuracy for males and 80.55% accuracy for females based on the shape of the orbital region in the examined sample. Conclusion. Sex estimation based on the orbital region was possible with more than 80% accuracy for both sexes, which is a high percentage of correct estimation. Therefore, we recommend using the orbital region of the skull for sex estimation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

Ajanović

Dervišević

et al. 2023

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“…While the morphological measurement is related to the observation of visual criteria [3]. Some parts of the body skeleton that are usually analyzed in determining sex are the pelvic [8][9][10][11], skull [12][13][14][15], mandible [16], cranial [17], femur [18][19][20][21], and tibia [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In classification, the training data is The application of classification techniques has been widely applied in forensic anthropology, particularly in the case of sex determination. In previous studies, the most popular classification techniques in determining sex were Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) which was studied by [10,15,22,24,25] and Logistic Regression (LR) by [18,[25][26][27]. In contrast, over the last few years there has been a trend in forensic anthropology to adopt and apply machine learning (ML) approaches [11,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Support Vector Machine in Sex Classification of The Sacrum Bone in Forensic Anthropology

2022

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Sex classification is part of forensic anthropological identification aimed at determining whether the skeleton belongs to a male or a female. This paper exhibits the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) in classifying the sex of the sacrum in forensic anthropology. Bone data was measured by the metric method based on six variables, namely superior breadth, anterior length, mid ventral breadth, real height, diameter the base, and max-transverse diameter of the base. This study shows performance analysis of SVM using the library libSVM with linear, polynomial, and RBF kernel to observe the results of the comparison of the accuracy of the kernel used. According to the results of the trials, the best accuracy was attained in each kernel function, i.e., the RBF kernel is 83.33% with g = 1 and C = 1, the polynomial is 85.56% at γ = 2, C = 2 and d =1, and the linear kernel obtained best accuracy is 84.44 % with C = 2 and C = 3. In conformity with the experimental result, polynomial attained the highest accuracy of 85.56% at γ = 2, C = 2, and d =1.

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“…e physical measurement method is to measure the physical object of the skull and establish a sex discriminant function. Some scholars have done a lot of research using this method and have achieved good results [10][11][12][13][14]. However, the biggest disadvantage of this method is that it may cause secondary damage to the skull during the measurement process, and the measurement results are not accurate enough due to human factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skull Sex Estimation Based on Wavelet Transform and Fourier Transform

Yang

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Skull sex estimation is one of the hot research topics in forensic anthropology, and has important research value in the fields of criminal investigation, archeology, anthropology, and so on. Sex estimation of skull is crucial in forensic investigations, whether in legal situations that involve living people or to identify mortal remains. The aim of this study is to establish a skull-based sex estimation model in Chinese population, providing a scientific reference for the practical application of forensic medicine and anthropology. We take the superior orbital margin and frontal bone of the skull as the research object and proposed a technology of objective sex estimation of the skull using wavelet transform and Fourier transform. Firstly, the supraorbital margin and frontal bone were quantified by wavelet transform and Fourier transform, and then the extracted features were classified by SVM, and the model was tested. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of male and female sex discrimination is 90.9% and 94.4%, respectively, which is higher than that of morphological and measurement methods. Compared with the traditional methods, the method has more theoretical basis and objectivity, and the correct rate is higher.

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Determination of Sex by Discriminant Function Analysis of Linear Diameters in Bosnian Human Skulls

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

Performance Analysis of Support Vector Machine in Sex Classification of The Sacrum Bone in Forensic Anthropology

Skull Sex Estimation Based on Wavelet Transform and Fourier Transform

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