Determination of Serum Acid Phosphatases

Fishman, William H.; Davidson, Harold M.

doi:10.1002/9780470110201.ch7

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Serum alkaline phosphatase level was measured by the phenolphthalein method as described by Babson et al (1966), total and prostatic acid phosphatases by colorimetric method (Fishman and Davidson, 2006); urea by urease-Berthelot method (Weatherbum, 1967); uric acid by enzymatic colorimetric method (Fossati et al, 1980); and creatinine was measured by alkaline picrate method (Tietz et al, 1986). Furthermore, the biuret method was used for serum total protein assay as described by Henry et al (1974), while total cholesterol was assayed using the enzymatic endpoint method (Roeschlau et al, 1974).…”

Section: Biochemical Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biochemical indices following administration of artemether, halofantrine and a combination of artemether and lumefantrine in guinea pigs

Aprioku¹

2012

J. App. Pharm. Sci.

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Combination of artemether and lumefantrine (artemether-lumefantrine) is an orally effective artemisinin-based combination therapy, used widely in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections. The present study investigates the comparative effects of artemether, halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine on biochemical indices in the male guinea pig. Half, normal and double therapeutic doses of the drugs were given to different groups of animals (n=5) by oral gavage. After the drug treatments, serum levels of biochemical parameters were measured using standard methods. Artemether significantly (p<0.05) reduced uric acid (UA) level (10.44%), but produced no significant effects on the other parameters measured. Halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine significantly increased acid phosphatase-ACPT (56.13 and 26.45%) and prostatic acid phosphatase-ACPP (100.00 and 78.95%) respectively, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was not affected. In addition, halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine significantly and dose-dependently decreased UA, while urea and creatinine levels were increased. UA was decreased by 12.15 and 17.92%; urea was increased by 84.42 and 53.25%; and creatinine was increased by 42.15 and 30.25%, respectively. Furthermore, both drugs had no significant effects on serum levels of total protein and cholesterol. The results show that halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine may cause toxicity to renal and reproductive functions in the male guinea pig, halofantrine likely to cause more of these effects.

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Section: Biochemical Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biochemical indices following administration of artemether, halofantrine and a combination of artemether and lumefantrine in guinea pigs

Aprioku¹

2012

J. App. Pharm. Sci.

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“…Blood Enzyme Assays: Sample serum was separated from the cells, centrifuged at 3400r for 10 minutes and used for the assays. Serum alkaline phosphatase was assayed using the phenolphthalein method (Babson et al, 1966), while the colourimetric method was used to assay total and prostatic acid phosphatases (Fishman and Davidson, 2006) Statistical Analysis: Data were expressed as means ± standard errors of mean. Comparisons between control and treated groups of guinea-pigs were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's multiple comparison test.…”

Section: Effects Of Cadmium On Basal Serum Phosphatase Levels Of the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity of the Aqueous Crude Extract of <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> LINN. Leaf on Basal and Cadmium-induced Serum Levels of Phosphatases in Male Guinea-pigs.

Aprioku¹,

Obianime²

2010

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:The antioxidant activity of the aqueous crude extract of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. leaf on the basal and traumatized (cadmium-induced) serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total acid phosphatase (ACP T ) and prostatic acid phosphatase (ACP P ) of the male guinea-pig (GP) were evaluated. Preliminary experimentation showed that the effects of the aqueous crude extract of O. gratissimum on basal serum phosphatases were slightly more in the oral than the intraperitoneal (i.p) route. Oral administration of 20mg of O. gratissimum caused a timedependent decrease in the basal serum levels of ACP T and ACP P without an effect on ALP values. The inhibitory effects compared to the control were maximum at 4 hours. Furthermore, O. gratissimum given orally, caused significant dose-dependent decreases (p<0.05) of the basal serum levels of ACP T and ACP P at p<0.05. Basal serum concentrations of ACP T and ACP P changed from 23.50±1.04 and 7.50±0.29 to 8.25±0.75 and 2.25±0.29 IU at 20mg, representing 65 and 70 % decreases respectively. In contrast, 0.25-8mg/kg of cadmium (Cd) given intraperitoneally, caused significant dose-dependent increases (p<0.05) in the phosphatase enzymes. However pretreatment with 5mg of the crude extract, which on its own had little effect on basal serum phosphatase levels, followed by i.p administration of Cd, caused a reversal of the Cd-induced dose-response curves on the various phosphatase levels to negative values. These results may be due to the oxidative and the antioxidative biochemical antagonistic properties of the agents used in these experiments. They may also be due to enzyme conformational changes and effects of eugenols and flavonoids in the crude extract of O. gratissimum. @ JASEM Oxidation is an essential process in all organisms which involves redox reactions. These reactions normally generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) or highly reactive free radicals that can react virtually with all cell components to cause tissue injury (Collier et al., 1992). Exogenous sources of free radicals include tobacco smoke, ionization radiation, certain pollutants such as cadmium, vanadium, crude oil, organic solvents and pesticides (Robinson et al., 1997). The resulting oxidative free radicals are obligate intermediates of many metabolic reactions but may also cause pathological damage (Floyd et al., 1990). Similarly, antioxidation is the reversal of the above described processes mediated through scavenging of the free radicals, by dismutase enzyme systems, and phenolic-rich compounds such as flavonoids (Sardesai 1995;Rice-Evans et al., 1996). The body has evolved a number of interrelated antioxidant mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis (Toyokuni et al., 1999). These antioxidant mechanisms include antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), heme oygenase (HO) etc (Ames et al., 1993;Sardesai 1995;Sies, 1997;Vertuani et al., 2004). A disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species or free radicals an...

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