Determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples by ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction and gas chromatography-mass-selective detection

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop microextraction for the determination of trace cadmium in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…26 This type of energy greatly helps in the liquid-liquid extraction because it facilitates the emulsification phenomenon and accelerates the mass-transfer process between two immiscible phases. 27 This leads to an increment in the extraction efficiency of the procedure in a minimum time. 28 The most widely accepted mechanism for ultrasound-assisted emulsification is based on the cavitation effect.…”

Occurrence, Fate and Treatment Methods of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dioxins and Furans: A Mini Review

“…Deribe et al [12] carried out the determination of PCBs in fish species by the use of Agilent 6890 N gas chromatograph (GC) connected to an Agilent 5973 mass spectrometer (MS) after extraction of the fish tissue samples with acetonitrile, followed by dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) with a primary-secondary amino resin (PSA) to remove the fatty acids. Ozcan et al [6] developed an ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction procedure for the determination of selected PCBs by GC-MS. The determination of PAHs, PCBs, and other organic pollutants in marine water samples has been developed by Perez-Carrera et al [13] by the use of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique and thermal desorption coupled to capillary GC-MS (SBSE-TD-GC-MS).…”

“…PCBs have high hydrophobicity, stability, lipid solubility, and persistence, and these characteristics have resulted in their widespread permeation into the environmental medium [5] . PCBs and their metabolites can cause adverse health effects including carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, dermatological and pulmonary diseases, developmental disorders of children and they interfere with calcium utilization in birds [5][6][7] . PCBs have been globally banned in accordance with the Stockholm Convention [8] , however, PCBs are still being produced and used in many developing countries.…”

Determination of Pesticides in Water and Vegetable Matter by Manual Shaking-Enhanced, Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…In USAEME, a very small volume of water-immiscible extraction solvent is mixed with an aqueous sample solution by ultrasound-assisted emulsification to form fine droplets for extracting analytes, obviating the need of a dispersive solvent in DLLME [24]. The ultrasound-assisted emulsification is carried out at 25ºC for 10 min [23,25] or for 9 min [26]. Recently, a few reports indicated that the use of manual shaking before ultrasound-assisted emulsification enhanced extraction efficiency.…”