Determination of selected fatty acids in dried sweat spot using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection

Abstract

A method is described for the determination of fatty acids in dried sweat spot and plasma samples using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Plasma and dried sweat spot samples were obtained from a group of blood donors. The sweat was collected from each volunteer during exercise. Sweat was spotted onto collection paper containing butylated hydroxytoluene. Fatty acids were derivatized with acetyl chloride in methanol to form methyl esters of fatty acids. The fatty acids in dried sweat spot samples treated with butylated hydroxytoluene and stored at -20°C were stable for 3 months. Our results indicate that sweat contains, among fatty acids with short chain, also fatty acids with long chain and unsaturated fatty acids. Linear relationships between percentage content of selected fatty acids in dried sweat spot and plasma were observed.

Dried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acid, amino acid, and keto acid metabolism in humans

“…Their concentration significantly decreases with age. The decrease in AAs with age was also found in our previous study for glycine and phenylalanine (Kanďár, Drábkova, Toiflová, et al, 2016). On the contrary, no effect of age on phenylalanine and tyrosine concentration was found in another study (Kanďár et al, 2009).…”

“…These findings correspond with the literature. The significantly higher plasma concentrations in men were also found in another study, although the number of significantly different AAs was higher (13 of 23 AAs tested) (Kanďár, Drábkova, Toiflová, et al, 2016). Similarly, higher levels in men (except glycine and serine which were higher in women) were found in another study (Mittelstrass et al, 2011).…”

“…When evaluating FA composition, several studies use percentage content as the main output (Kanďár, Drábková, Andrlová, et al, 2016; Marangoni et al, 2004; Paolino et al, 2021). The limitation of presenting results this way becomes obvious when comparing analysis results between laboratories.…”

“…The dried blood spot (DBS), which is generally used in new‐born screening of errors of metabolism (Carpenter & Wiley, 2002; Chace et al, 2003), is the most common. Also dried urine spot (Menkovic et al, 2019; Newman et al, 2020), dried saliva spot (Numako et al, 2016; Zheng et al, 2016), dried sweat spot (Kanďár, Drábková, Andrlová, et al, 2016), or even dried milk spot (Jackson et al, 2016; Olagunju et al, 2015) is used for laboratory analysis. There is also evidence about dried plasma/serum spots (Parker et al, 2015; Suzuki et al, 2017), but this type of sample is not compatible with noninvasive self‐collection.…”

Determination of six short‐chain fatty acids in rat feces using headspace solid‐phase dynamic extraction coupled with GC‐MS

“…Numerous reports of SCFAs on the human health have been published in recent decades [5,6]. Researchers are increasingly interested in the analysis of SCFAs in various biological matrices such as plasma [7], serum [8], intestinal contents [9], feces [10][11][12], meconium [13,14], urine [15], sweat [16], and so on. Due to strong hydrophilicity, high volatility, and large polarity, it is difficult to extract SCFAs thoroughly from complex biological matrixes, causing low recovery.…”