Determination of seasonal and regional variation in the provenance of dissolved cations in rain in Japan based on Sr and Pb isotopes

Nakano, Takanori; Morohashi, Satomi; Yasuda, Hiroshi; Sakai, Masaharu; Aizawa, Shuhei; Shichi, Koji; Morisawa, Takeshi; Takahashi, Masamichi; Sanada, M.; Matsuura, Yukiko; Sakai, Hisao; Akama, Akio; Okada, Naoki

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.049

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is obvious that the second non-sea-salt end-members have a low Sr content and relatively high Ca and K content; the Ca/Sr ratio is higher than that of carbonate minerals from desert sands and loess soils in China, ranging between 250 and 1000 Nakano et al, 2006). This indicates that the very high Ca/Sr ratio of Lanzhou rainwater is not caused by Ca-rich soil dust from the arid and semi-arid regions in northwest China.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Identifying the provenance of Ca in precipitation is of special importance because this element is a dominant cation which neutralizes acidity of rainwater and indispensable for plant growth (Hedin and Likens, 1996;Schmitt and Stille, 2005). Strontium acts as a proxy for Ca because both are alkaline earth elements with similar ionic radii and the same valences (Capo et al, 1998), and similar geochemical behaviors (Åberg, 1995;Nakano et al, 2006). For these reasons, the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratio of natural materials can be used to identify and to quantify the contribution of different Sr sources (and, by inference, of Ca) in precipitation.…”

Section: Strontium Isotope Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data indicate that, except soil-dust, the Lanzhou rainwater contains another nonsea-salt source, probably of a natural or anthropogenic input. Nakano and co-workers concluded that plant-derived Sr is contained in rainwater in several mountainous areas of Japan extensively covered with vegetation (Nakano and Tanaka, 1997;Nakano et al, 2000Nakano et al, , 2001Nakano et al, , 2006 Sr ratios ranging between 0.7079 and 0.7087 (Negrel and Deschamps, 1996;Negrel and Roy, 1998;Negrel et al, 2007). Thus, agricultural activities would not be a source of the non-sea-salt Ca and Sr in the precipitation in Lanzhou.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net result is that the strontium isotopic compositions of a sample yields information about provenance or geologic interactions (Capo et al, 1998 Sr isotopic ratios in rainwater and their results have highlighted the role of aerosol sources in the isotopic signature of rain (Herut et al, 1993;Nakano and Tanaka, 1997;Negrel and Roy, 1998;Schmitt and Stille, 2005;Chabaux et al, 2005;Han and Liu, 2006;Negrel et al, 2007). Soil dust originating from loess and desert areas in China, generally termed Kosa, is considered to be a major source of non-sea-salt Ca, which plays an important role in the chemical composition and acidity of precipitation in northeastern Asia (Nakano and Tanaka, 1997;Fujita et al, 2000;Yokoo et al, 2001;Kanayama et al, 2002;Nakano et al, 2006). However, the chemical and Sr isotopic characteristics of rainwater in the Loess Plateau region, where loess soils and desert sands cover vast areas in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China, has not been reported in literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and strontium isotope characterization of rainwater at an urban site in Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Tang

et al. 2009

Atmospheric Research

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Major ion concentrations and strontium isotopic ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) were measured in rainwater samples collected at the urban site of Lanzhou, a city located on the Loess Plateau in the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China. The rainwater samples possessed alkaline pH, at a reference level of 5.6, with a range of 6.82 to 8.28 and a volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH value of 7.70. The alkaline character of rainwater in Lanzhou is due to the result of neutralization caused by the alkaline soil dusts which contain large amount of CaCO 3 . It was observed that Ca 2+ was the most abundant cation with a VWM value of 886 µeq l −1 (115-2184 µeq l Sr ratio and Ca and Sr content in the rainwater from Lanzhou can be attributed to the dissolution of calcium carbonate in soil dust.

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Strontium Isotope Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and strontium isotope characterization of rainwater at an urban site in Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Tang

et al. 2009

Atmospheric Research

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“…The extracted solutions were analyzed by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (TIMS) at the Research Institute for Humans and Nature, following the procedure given in Nakano et al (2006).…”

Section: Lead (Pb) Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, spatial variation, and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Tamagawa River in Central Japan

Shikazono

Tatewaki

Mohiuddin

et al. 2011

Environ Geochem Health

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Sediments of the Tamagawa River in central Japan were studied to explain the spatial variation, to identify the sources of heavy metals, and to evaluate the anthropogenic influence on these pollutants in the river. Sediment samples were collected from 20 sites along the river (five upstream, four midstream, and 11 downstream). Heavy metal concentrations, viz. chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and molybdenum, in the samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The chemical speciations of heavy metals in the sediments were identified by the widely used five-step Hall method. Lead isotopes were analyzed to identify what portion is contributed by anthropogenic sources. The total heavy metal concentrations were compared with global averages for continental crust (shale) and average values for Japanese river sediments. The mean heavy metal concentrations were higher in downstream sediments than in upstream and midstream samples, and the concentrations in the silt samples were higher than those in the sand samples. Speciation results demonstrate that, for chromium and nickel, the residual fractions were dominant. These findings imply that the influence of anthropogenic chromium and nickel contamination is negligible, while copper, zinc, and lead were mostly extracted in the non-residual fraction (metals in adsorbed/exchangeable/carbonate forms or bound to amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides, crystalline Fe oxides, or organic matter), indicating that these elements have high chemical mobility. The proportion of lead (Pb) isotopes in the downstream silt samples indicates that Pb accumulation is primarily derived from anthropogenic sources.

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Sequential Extractions and Isotope Analysis for Discriminating the Chemical Forms and Origins of Pb in Sediment from Liaodong Bay, China

Han

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Sequential extraction integrated with isotope analysis was carried out on a sediment core from Liaodong Bay, northeast China, for characterizing Pb in various extraction phases and its possible sources. Results show that in all extracted fractions Pb concentrations increased abruptly in the top part of the sediments that deposited after 1980, but remained lower and rather constant before 1980. Consistent with the variation pattern of Pb concentration, the 206Pb/207Pb ratio displays a dramatic decrease around 1980. These findings strongly suggest serious Pb pollution since then. The Pb concentration and the isotopic ratios of 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb in the residual fraction show rather small changes through the entire core, and are similar to those of uncontaminated Chinese loess, possibly representing the characteristics of the regional geogenic background. The isotopic ratios of the sediments before 1980 varied in different extracted fractions with a linear pattern, from the residual at the highest toward the average signature of automobile exhausts and Pb-Zn deposits, implying a prominent two-end member mixing style of the Pb origin; one is the regional geologic background and the other is anthropogenic sources. The difference in isotopic ratios between the extractions might be indicative of varied proportions of the two sources. For sediments after 1980, however, the isotope ratios in nonresidual fractions are all relatively low and show little differentiation, which may suggest that polluted Pb dominates all the extracted fractions for the top part of the core.

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Determination of seasonal and regional variation in the provenance of dissolved cations in rain in Japan based on Sr and Pb isotopes

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Chemical and strontium isotope characterization of rainwater at an urban site in Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Chemical and strontium isotope characterization of rainwater at an urban site in Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Sources, spatial variation, and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Tamagawa River in Central Japan

Sequential Extractions and Isotope Analysis for Discriminating the Chemical Forms and Origins of Pb in Sediment from Liaodong Bay, China

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