Determination of Sb(III) using an ex-situ bismuth screen-printed carbon electrode by adsorptive stripping voltammetry

Abstract

The determination of Sb(III) on an ex-situ bismuth screen-printed carbon electrode (ex-situ BiSPCE) by means of adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) using quercetin-5'-sulfonic acid as chelating agent was optimized. The effect of different experimental parameters such pH, ligand concentration (CQSA), accumulation potential (Eacc) and accumulation time (tacc) were studied to obtain a wide linear range, the highest sensitivity and the lowest detection limit. Ex-situ BiSPCE was analytically compared with a sputtered bismuth screen-printed electrode (BispSPE) under optimal conditions. The obtained analytical parameters suggest that ex-situ BiSPCE behaves much better than BispSPE and the first was selected for this study. Optimal parameters were pH=4.6; CQSA=10.0 to 20.0×10(-6)molL(-1); Eacc=-0.5V and tacc=60s. Peak area is proportional to Sb(III) concentration up to 100.0μgL(-1) (tacc 60s) and 45.0μgL(-1) (tacc 120s) range, with detection limits of 1.2μgL(-)(1) (tacc 60s) and 0.8μgL(-1) (tacc 120s). The relative standard deviation for a Sb(III) solution (20.0μgL(-1)) was 3.9% for ten successive assays. Thus, the effect of various interfering metal ions was studied and the methodology was validated using a spiked groundwater reference material with very satisfactory results.

Voltammetric determination of metal ions beyond mercury electrodes. A review

“…Kawde [117] analyzed Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) modifying different carbon surfaces as glassy carbon (GC), carbon paste (CP) or graphite pencil (GP). Exsitu approach is preferred in AdSV analysis, as Segura et al [118] and Rojas-Romo et al [119] propose for the analysis of Ni(II) and Sb(III) using 1-nitroso-2-napthol and quercetin-5-sulfonic acid as chelating agents, respectively. In the first case, a carbon disc electrode was considered while in the second a SPCE was used.…”

Nafion-Protected Sputtered-Bismuth Screen-Printed Electrode for On-site Voltammetric Measurements of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in Natural Water Samples

“…An alternative to commercial SPEs is coating the substrate with bismuth by three general methods: Ex-situ plating (preplated) method (electroplated Bi on the electrode substrate surface prior the analysis) [5,14], in-situ plating method (Bi added at the sample during the analysis) [15,16], bulk method: Mix the graphite ink with a bismuth precursor during the SPE production [2].…”

Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements

“…The vast majority of applications of electroplated Bi SPEs involve the determination of Pb, Cd, and Zn by ASV [ 16 , 17 , 19 , 26 ] but there are also selected applications of stripping analysis after adsorptive accumulation using ex situ plated BiFEs; examples of recent relevant work include the determination of Sb(III) with quercetin-5′-sulfonic acid as the chelating agent [ 69 ] and of platinum group metals (Pt, Pd, Rh) with dimethylglyoxime as the ligand [ 70 ]. Other recent notable applications include methodologies for the determination of the size and particle concentration of Cd-based quantum dots (QDs) [ 71 ], a hybrid stripping fluorescence method to detect Cd in water [ 72 ], a study of heavy metal complexation [ 73 ], and phytoremediation studies [ 74 , 75 ].…”