Determination of Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin and Common Phycotoxins

Marine guanidinium neurotoxins: Biogenic origins and interactions, biosynthesis and pharmacology

“…The toxicological aspects of guanidinium toxins have been extensively reviewed (Dura ´n-Riveroll and Cembella, 2017;Wang, 2008;Wiese et al, 2010) as well as the technological approaches to monitoring these toxins in seafood (Botana et al, 2017;Stauffer et al, 2019;Vilarin ˜o et al, 2018), and analytical and diagnostic methods for their detection (Bragg et al, 2018;Harju et al, 2015;Rodrı ´guez et al, 2018;Wharton et al, 2017). Accordingly, this review focuses primarily on guanidinium toxins in the context of socioeconomic history of human poisoning events and exploitation as neurotoxic agents, their biogenic origin and biosynthetic pathways, pharmacological mechanisms of ion-channel binding, and their functional role in species interactions in marine systems.…”