Determination of S-genotype in apple and sweet cherry cultivars released at Fruit Research Institute, Cacak

Abstract

Apples and sweet cherries are generally characterized by self-incompatibility, which is controlled by the multiallelic locus S with gametophytic action. Thus the identification of S-genotype represents crucial information for fruit breeders and growers. The aim of this study was to identify the S-genotype of two apple (?Cacanska Pozna? and ?Cadel?) and two sweet cherry (?Asenova Rana? and ?Carna?) cultivars developed at Fruit Research Institute, Cacak using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with consensus and allele-specific primers. The S-genotype of apple cultivars ?Cacanska Pozna? (S7S9) and ?Cadel? (S2S7) were consistent with parental combinations ?Starking Delicious? (S9S28) ? ?Jonathan? (S7S9) and ?Golden Delicious? (S2S3) ? ?Jonathan? (S7S9), respectively. For sweet cherry cultivars ?Asenova Rana? [?Drogans Gelbe? (S1S5) ? ?Majova Rana? (S1S4)] and ?Carna? [?Majova Rana? (S1S4) ? ?Bigarreau de Schrecken? (S1S3)], S3S9 and S1S4 were identified respectively, suggesting that the reported pedigree is erroneous. The trueness-to-type of DNA samples of both sweet cherry cultivars was confirmed by comparison of cultivar samples from more than one site. Upon this testing, the remaining inconsistency indicated that aforementioned parentages of the sweet cherry cultivars were incorrect. These discrepancies could be the result of possible pollen contamination, or mistakes either in breeders recording or in seed processing and seedling production. The results of S-genotyping of apple and sweet cherry cultivars provide relevant information on correct assignment of these cultivars to cross-compatibility groups, which are important for cross design in developing new cultivar, as well as for orchard management in the efficient production of fruits. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR-31064: Development and preservation of genetic potential of temperate zone fruits]

An Overview of S-Genotype Diversity in Sweet Cherry Landraces Grown in the Central Region of the Republic of Serbia

“…This amplification allowed the identification of S 4 -RNase and S 5 -RNase, but discriminating between S 1 -RNase and S 3 -RNase, as well as distinguis-hing S 2 -RNase from S 7 -RNase and S 22 -RNase, required additional analysis. Difficulties in identifying these alleles using PCRs with consensus primers specific for the second intron of S-RNase were also stated by Sonneveld et al (2003), Ipek et al (2011), Ercisli et al (2012), Lisek et al (2015), and Mari} et al (2017). In addition, Mari} et al (2019) pointed out the need to use allele-specific primers, particularly for landraces whose S-genotypes have not yet been published.…”

“…The first DNA markers for cross-(in)compatibility and self-compatibility, made available to breeders, were based on known base pair and insertion/deletion differences in the sequences of both genes of the S-locus (Quero-García et al, 2019). Therefore, consensus/allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)based methods enabled the use of the S-locus as a genetic marker for genotyping and identification of domestic (released cultivars and landraces) and foreign sweet cherry cultivars at the Fruit Research Institute, ^a~ak (FRI) (Mari} & Radi~evi}, 2014;Radi~evi} et al, 2015;Mari} et al, 2017Mari} et al, , 2019Mari} et al, , 2021. The polymorphism of the S-locus has also been used for assessment of local sweet cherry germplasms in different countries of Europe and North and West Asia, where a high genetic diversity among landraces was found (Ipek et al, 2011;Ercisli et al, 2012;Cachi & Wünsch, 2014a;Lisek et al, 2015;Marchese et al, 2017;Schuster, 2020;Kivistik et al 2022).…”