Determination of S-2-(N,N-diisopropylaminoethyl)- and S-2-(N,N-diethylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate, nerve agent markers, in water samples using strong anion-exchange disk extraction, in vial trimethylsilylation, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis

Subramaniam, Raja; Åstot, Crister; Juhlin, Lars; Nilsson, Carl-Axel; Östin, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.068

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that the alignment of nanofibers has a significant influence on the adhesion and proliferation of Schwann cells. The axially aligned nanofibers were shown to mimic the fibrin cable architecture and, thereby, this approach may represent an ideal scaffold for extending the growth of axonal processes [93]. …”

Section: Nanotechnology For Nerve Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Nanotechnology Help to Repair the Body? Advances in Cardiac, Skin, Bone, Cartilage and Nerve Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanotechnologists have become involved in regenerative medicine via creation of biomaterials and nanostructures with potential clinical implications. Their aim is to develop systems that can mimic, reinforce or even create in vivo tissue repair strategies. In fact, in the last decade, important advances in the field of tissue engineering, cell therapy and cell delivery have already been achieved. In this review, we will delve into the latest research advances and discuss whether cell and/or tissue repair devices are a possibility. Focusing on the application of nanotechnology in tissue engineering research, this review highlights recent advances in the application of nano-engineered scaffolds designed to replace or restore the followed tissues: (i) skin; (ii) cartilage; (iii) bone; (iv) nerve; and (v) cardiac.

show abstract

Section: Nanotechnology For Nerve Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Nanotechnology Help to Repair the Body? Advances in Cardiac, Skin, Bone, Cartilage and Nerve Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…VX and EMPA of 98% purity by NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 13 C and 31 P nuclei) were synthesized at Dstl Porton Down [10,11]. MPA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (Dorset, UK) and used as received.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Spiking Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides sarin (isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) and soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) [9], one of the most hazardous nerve agents is VX (O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate) [10]. These agents react with moisture to give respectively the alkyl methylphosphonic acids: isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (iPMPA), pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (PMPA) and ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA) [11][12][13] and more slowly, methylphosphonic acid (MPA) [14,15] (figure 1). Such products indicate the prior presence of the nerve agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of VX nerve agent use from contaminated white mustard plants

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons by Member States. Verification of compliance and investigations into allegations of use require accurate detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their degradation products. Detection of CWAs such as organophosphorus nerve agents in the environment relies mainly upon the analysis of soil. We now present a method for the detection of the nerve agent VX and its hydrolysis products by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of ethanol extracts of contaminated white mustard plants (Sinapis alba) which retained the compounds of interest for up to 45 days. VX is hydrolysed by the plants to ethyl methylphosphonic acid and then to methylphosphonic acid. The utility of white mustard as a nerve agent detector and remediator of nerve agent-polluted sites is discussed. The work described will help deter the employment of VX in conflict.

show abstract

“…The major hurdle in this analysis is the interference of inorganic salts and hence the recoveries are generally very low. Hence, various cation‐ and anion‐exchange SPE methods have been adopted for removing the interfering inorganic salts . The extracts obtained from the SPE are generally very clean and the analytes can be recovered to the maximum extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative determination of acidic hydrolysis products of Chemical Weapons Convention related chemicals from aqueous and soil samples using ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction and in situ butylation

Anagoni

Kauser

Maity

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical warfare agents such as organophosphorus nerve agents, mustard agents, and psychotomimetic agent like 3-quinuclidinylbenzilate degrade in the environment and form acidic degradation products, the analysis of which is difficult under normal analytical conditions. In the present work, a simultaneous extraction and derivatization method in which the analytes are butylated followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric identification of the analytes from aqueous and soil samples was carried out. The extraction was carried out using ion-pair solid-phase extraction with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the electron ionization mode. Various parameters such as optimum concentration of the ion-pair reagent, pH of the sample, extraction solvent, and type of ion-pair reagent were optimized. The method was validated for various parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of detection and quantification. The method was observed to be linear from 1 to 1000 ng/mL range in selected ion monitoring mode. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 85-110% from the matrixes with the limit of quantification for alkyl phosphonic acids at 1 ng/mL, thiodiglycolic acid at 20 ng/mL, and benzilic acid at 50 ng/mL with intra- and interday precisions below 15%. The developed method was applied for the samples prepared in the scenario of challenging inspection.

show abstract

Determination of S-2-(N,N-diisopropylaminoethyl)- and S-2-(N,N-diethylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate, nerve agent markers, in water samples using strong anion-exchange disk extraction, in vial trimethylsilylation, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

How Can Nanotechnology Help to Repair the Body? Advances in Cardiac, Skin, Bone, Cartilage and Nerve Tissue Regeneration

How Can Nanotechnology Help to Repair the Body? Advances in Cardiac, Skin, Bone, Cartilage and Nerve Tissue Regeneration

Evidence of VX nerve agent use from contaminated white mustard plants

Quantitative determination of acidic hydrolysis products of Chemical Weapons Convention related chemicals from aqueous and soil samples using ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction and in situ butylation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About