Determination of Resistance Due to Shrubs and Woody Vegetation

Freeman, Gary E.; Rahmeyer, William J.; Copeland, Ronald R.

doi:10.21236/ada383997

Cited by 94 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Earlier assessments also included land and vegetation effects on water flows, especially floods (6,19,20), but their procedures to quantify such effects were more complex and data demanding. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach enabled grouping land covers such as "forest" and "rubber," which have similar height and density but differ due to the typically higher average diameter of forest stems than rubber. A more comprehensive resistance factor might include elements such as Manning's resistance coefficient and the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor as well as differences in flow speed and resistance of submerged and nonsubmerged vegetation (19,20). Although the use of such characteristics may produce a more mechanistic model, the approach proposed here provides an assessment that facilitates coastal planning based on readily available data.…”

Section: 07mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multifactorial approaches describing resistance of vegetation to a flow (6,19,20) are usually highly data-demanding. Consequently, a set of characteristics was identified that were not only comparatively easy to quantify on site but also able to sufficiently represent the resistance of specific land uses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of coastal vegetation on the 2004 tsunami wave impact in west Aceh

Bayas

Marohn²,

Dercon³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In a tsunami event human casualties and infrastructure damage are determined predominantly by seaquake intensity and offshore properties. On land, wave energy is attenuated by gravitation (elevation) and friction (land cover). Tree belts have been promoted as "bioshields" against wave impact. However, given the lack of quantitative evidence of their performance in such extreme events, tree belts have been criticized for creating a false sense of security. This study used 180 transects perpendicular to over 100 km on the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia to analyze the influence of coastal vegetation, particularly cultivated trees, on the impact of the 2004 tsunami. Satellite imagery; land cover maps; land use characteristics; stem diameter, height, and planting density; and a literature review were used to develop a land cover roughness coefficient accounting for the resistance offered by different land uses to the wave advance. Applying a spatial generalized linear mixed model, we found that while distance to coast was the dominant determinant of impact (casualties and infrastructure damage), the existing coastal vegetation in front of settlements also significantly reduced casualties by an average of 5%. In contrast, dense vegetation behind villages endangered human lives and increased structural damage. Debris carried by the backwash may have contributed to these dissimilar effects of land cover. For sustainable and effective coastal risk management, location of settlements is essential, while the protective potential of coastal vegetation, as determined by its spatial arrangement, should be regarded as an important livelihood provider rather than just as a bioshield. Indo-Australian and southeastern Eurasian tectonic plates 150 km off the coast of west Aceh, Indonesia, triggered one of the largest seismic events in the last four decades (1). The seaquake generated a tsunami with disastrous consequences in the region.Soon after the 2004 event, the possible effects of coastal vegetation regarding the impact caused by tsunamis (mitigating or aggravating) were researched into, especially under scenarios with initial water heights below 10 m (2-5). In Sri Lanka and India, coastal communities located behind tree cover were reported to be less affected than those directly exposed to the sea (2, 3, 6). Parameters such as stem diameter and height as well as a "bioshield" width were identified as key vegetation characteristics with a bearing on impact mitigation (6). However, several studies advocating bioshields have been criticized for lacking empirical evidence to support the protective function of vegetation, some even suggesting that bioshields may give a false sense of security to coastal populations (7-10). The role of vegetation in tsunami impact mitigation still remains a controversial issue (11-13). In the coastal regions of western Aceh in 2004, the potential for mitigating tsunami impacts appeared limited as a result of the massive energy released by waves with heights exceeding 20 m (13). Mangroves along this...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 07mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of coastal vegetation on the 2004 tsunami wave impact in west Aceh

Bayas

Marohn²,

Dercon³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Jenis, kerapatan, ketinggian vegetasi menyebabkan variasi nilai kekasaran hidrolik. Coopeland (2000) dan Freeman (2000) telah meneliti nilai kekasaran untuk vegetasi semak dan kayu. Sedangkan Järvelä (2002) telah melakukan penelitian penentuan kekasaran hidrolik pada saluran utama dan dataran banjir yang bervegetasi.…”

Section: Latar Belakangunclassified

“…Lokasi pengambilan data penampang sungai di Sungai Barabai. Volume 5, 2017 Pengaruh Tanaman Terhadap Kekasaran Hodrolik (Fischenich 2000;Copeland 2000;Järvelä 2004). Salah satu persamaannya ditujukan untuk tanaman yang muncul di perairan seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Persamaan (1).…”

Section: Bahan Dan Metode Pengambilan Data Penampang Sungai Barabaiunclassified

The Effect of Plants in Floodplain on Hydrolic Roughness of Barabai River

Hayati

Purwanto

Pawitan³

et al. 2017

JTEP

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Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian (JTEP) terakreditasi berdasarkan SK Dirjen Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan Kementerian Ristek Dikti Nomor I/E/KPT/2015 tanggal 21 September 2015. Selain itu, JTEP juga telah terdaftar pada Crossref dan telah memiliki Digital Object Identifier (DOI) dan telah terindeks pada ISJD, IPI, Google Scholar dan DOAJ. JTEP terbit tiga kali setahun yaitu pada bulan April, Agustus dan Desember berisi 12 naskah untuk setiap monuron baik dalam edisi cetak maupun edisi online. Jurnal berkala ilmiah ini berkiprah dalam pengembangan ilmu keteknikan untuk pertanian tropika dan lingkungan hayati. Penulis makalah tidak dibatasi pada anggota PERTETA tetapi terbuka bagi masyarakat umum. Lingkup makalah, antara lain: teknik sumberdaya lahan dan air, alat dan mesin budidaya pertanian, lingkungan dan bangunan pertanian, energi alternatif dan elektrifikasi, ergonomika dan elektronika pertanian, teknik pengolahan pangan dan hasil pertanian, manajemen dan sistem informasi pertanian. Makalah dikelompokkan dalam invited paper yang menyajikan isu aktual nasional dan internasional, review perkembangan penelitian, atau penerapan ilmu dan teknologi, technical paper hasil penelitian, penerapan, atau diseminasi, serta research methodology berkaitan pengembangan modul, metode, prosedur, program aplikasi, dan lain sebagainya. Penulisan naskah harus mengikuti panduan penulisan seperti tercantum pada website dan naskah dikirim secara elektronik (online submission) melalui http:// journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jtep.

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Ecogeomorphic feedbacks and flood loss of riparian tree seedlings in meandering channel experiments

Stella

Lightbody

et al. 2014

Water Resources Research

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During floods, fluvial forces interact with riparian plants to influence evolution of river morphology and floodplain plant community development. Understanding of these interactions, however, is constrained by insufficient precision and control of drivers in field settings, and insufficient realism in laboratory studies. We completed a novel set of flume experiments using woody seedlings planted on a sandbar within an outdoor meandering stream channel. We quantified effects on local sedimentation and seedling loss to scour and burial across realistic ranges of woody plant morphologies (Populus versus Tamarix species), densities (240 plants m 22 versus 24 m 22 ), and sediment supply (equilibrium versus deficit).Sedimentation was higher within Tamarix patches than Populus patches, reflecting Tamarix's greater crown frontal area and lower maximum crown density. Plant dislodgement occurred rarely (1% of plants) and was induced in plants with shorter roots. Complete burial was most frequent for small Tamarix that occurred at high densities. Burial risk decreased 3% for Populus and 13% for Tamarix for every centimeter increment in stem height, and was very low for plants >50 cm tall. These results suggest that Tamarix are proportionally more vulnerable than Populus when small (<20 cm tall), but that larger plants of both species are resistant to both burial and scour. Thus, plant morphological traits and development windows must be considered in addition to physical drivers when designing process-based restoration efforts on regulated rivers such as flow releases to benefit native tree species.

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Determination of Resistance Due to Shrubs and Woody Vegetation

Cited by 94 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of coastal vegetation on the 2004 tsunami wave impact in west Aceh

Influence of coastal vegetation on the 2004 tsunami wave impact in west Aceh

The Effect of Plants in Floodplain on Hydrolic Roughness of Barabai River

Ecogeomorphic feedbacks and flood loss of riparian tree seedlings in meandering channel experiments

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