Determination of Residues of Cyantraniliprole and Its Metabolite J9Z38 in Watermelon and Soil Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Abstract:A method was developed for the determination of cyantraniliprole (HGW86) and its metabolite J9Z38 in watermelon and soil by ultra-performance LC (UPLC)/MS/MS. Target compounds were extracted by acetonitrile-water, cleaned up on a silica gel column, and determined by UPLC/MS/MS. Average recoveries of cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 in watermelon and soil at three levels (0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg) ranged from 85.71 to 105.74%, with RSDs of 0.90-6.34%. The LOQs for cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 were determined to be 0.00… Show more
“…Therefore, the concentrations of cyantraniliprole in corn plants might be quickly diluted during rapid plant growth in the summer. In addition, the dissipation of chlorantraniliprole in the corn plants ( t 1/2 = 3.02–3.21 days) was similar to that in cauliflower ( t 1/2 = 3.86 days), watermelon ( t 1/2 = 2.7 days), cucumber ( t 1/2 = 2.2 days) and tomato ( t 1/2 = 2.8 days) . The anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole can be distributed throughout the high lipid content matrices in crops due to its greater lipophilic character .…”
BACKGROUND: The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon is the most destructive early season insect pest of corn. In this study, the control efficiency of cyantraniliprole seed treatment against A. ipsilon was evaluated, and the residual concentrations of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite J9Z38 in the stalks of corn seedlings and soil were investigated.
RESULTS:Plant pot experiments showed that A. ipsilon larval mortality was greater than 92% and that the percentage of corn seedlings damaged by A. ipsilon was less than 24% when corn seeds were treated with cyantraniliprole at 2 and 4 g AI kg −1 seed. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment at a dosage of 2 g AI kg −1 seed significantly reduced A. ipsilon infestation compared to chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin seed treatments in corn fields. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment resulted in more persistent control efficiency of A. ipsilon in spring than in summer. Cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in corn stalks and soil degraded more slowly in the spring than in the summer. CONCLUSION: Cyantraniliprole used as a seed treatment can protect corn plants from A. ipsilon infestations throughout the seedling stage. The high biological activity of cyantraniliprole was consistent with the residue levels of cyantraniliprole in the corn stalks and soil.
Residual toxicity determination for A. ipsilonResidual toxicity was estimated using the stem bases of the cyantraniliprole-treated corn plants (the seeds treated with cyantraniliprole at a dosage of 2 g AI kg −1 seed were sown at the same time in field experiments in 2016) collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after seedling emergence in the spring and summer of 2016. Newly molted and active third-, fourth-, fifth-or sixth-instar larvae (within 12 h of molting) were placed into 12-well tissue culture plates and starved for 4-5 h
“…Therefore, the concentrations of cyantraniliprole in corn plants might be quickly diluted during rapid plant growth in the summer. In addition, the dissipation of chlorantraniliprole in the corn plants ( t 1/2 = 3.02–3.21 days) was similar to that in cauliflower ( t 1/2 = 3.86 days), watermelon ( t 1/2 = 2.7 days), cucumber ( t 1/2 = 2.2 days) and tomato ( t 1/2 = 2.8 days) . The anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole can be distributed throughout the high lipid content matrices in crops due to its greater lipophilic character .…”
BACKGROUND: The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon is the most destructive early season insect pest of corn. In this study, the control efficiency of cyantraniliprole seed treatment against A. ipsilon was evaluated, and the residual concentrations of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite J9Z38 in the stalks of corn seedlings and soil were investigated.
RESULTS:Plant pot experiments showed that A. ipsilon larval mortality was greater than 92% and that the percentage of corn seedlings damaged by A. ipsilon was less than 24% when corn seeds were treated with cyantraniliprole at 2 and 4 g AI kg −1 seed. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment at a dosage of 2 g AI kg −1 seed significantly reduced A. ipsilon infestation compared to chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin seed treatments in corn fields. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment resulted in more persistent control efficiency of A. ipsilon in spring than in summer. Cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in corn stalks and soil degraded more slowly in the spring than in the summer. CONCLUSION: Cyantraniliprole used as a seed treatment can protect corn plants from A. ipsilon infestations throughout the seedling stage. The high biological activity of cyantraniliprole was consistent with the residue levels of cyantraniliprole in the corn stalks and soil.
Residual toxicity determination for A. ipsilonResidual toxicity was estimated using the stem bases of the cyantraniliprole-treated corn plants (the seeds treated with cyantraniliprole at a dosage of 2 g AI kg −1 seed were sown at the same time in field experiments in 2016) collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after seedling emergence in the spring and summer of 2016. Newly molted and active third-, fourth-, fifth-or sixth-instar larvae (within 12 h of molting) were placed into 12-well tissue culture plates and starved for 4-5 h
“…Watermelon rinds are used for making pickles, and sometimes used as a vegetable in various ethnic recipes including Chinese, Indian, and Thai [5,[31][32][33]. In this study, the possible risk of eating watermelon rinds was investigated by comparing the contents of pesticides in the flesh and the whole watermelon samples.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Watermelon is eaten as fresh fruit and is mainly used to make products such as juices, nectars, and fruit cocktails. Even the by-products, such as peel and seed, can be made into pickles, preserves, and other foods [5]. Thai people commonly use watermelon peel as a vegetable ingredient in their curry dishes (watermelon rind sour curry).…”
Objectives The wide use of pesticides raises serious concerns regarding food safety and environmental impacts. There is increasing public concern about the potential health risks linked with exposure to pesticides. Regulation of maximum residue limits (MRL) of pesticide residues in food commodities has been established in many developed countries. For developing countries, like Thailand, this regulation often exists in law, but is not completely enforced in practice. Thus, pesticide residue levels in vegetables and fruits have not been thoroughly monitored. The present study aimed to examine potential health risks associated with pesticide exposure by determining the pesticide residues in two commonly consumed fruits, watermelon and durian. Methods The fruit samples were purchased from markets in central provinces of Thailand and assayed for the content of 28 pesticides. Analysis of pesticides was performed by multiresidue extraction and followed by GC-MS/MS detection. Results Of 28 pesticides investigated, 5 were detected in 90.7 % of the watermelon samples (n = 75) and 3 in 90 % of durian samples (n = 30). Carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate and metalaxyl were found in watermelons, whereas dichlorvos, dimethoate and metalaxyl were detected in durians. However, their levels were much lower than the recommended MRL values. Conclusions These pesticide levels detected in the fruits are unlikely to harm the consumers; therefore it is safe to eat watermelon and durian in Thailand. While our results found negligible risk associated with pesticide exposure from consuming these common tropical fruits, special precautions should be considered to decrease total exposure to these harmful pesticides from various foods.
“…These data suggest that cyantraniliprole may be metabolized or transformed into IN-J9Z38 during cultivation. Our observation of this metabolite sparks interest because other studies have reported non-detectable or trace levels of IN-J9Z38 residues in Chinese cabbage, rice, tomatoes, cucumbers, and soil 15,19,20,29 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…IN-J9Z38 is a metabolite generated by the ring closure of cyantraniliprole, and this compound is frequently formed as a result of environmental degradation or plant metabolism of cyantraniliprole 13,14 . In many studies, residual patterns of cyantraniliprole have been reported in soil, cucumbers, rice, tobacco, tomatoes, and watermelons 15–20 . However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on the residual behavior of cyantraniliprole in any millet species including proso millet.Figure 1Chemical structure of cyantraniliprole ( A ) and IN-J9Z38 ( B ).…”
The dissipation patterns of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite IN-J9Z38 were investigated using proso millet (
Panicum miliaceum
) under open-field conditions to establish a pre-harvest interval. A simple and sensitive analytical method was developed for analyzing residues using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for multiple reaction monitoring of target compounds. The analytical method was validated in terms of the instrumental limit of quantitation, method limit of quantitation, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of cyantraniliprole and IN-J9Z38 residues in the field samples of four plots, which were treated twice with an oil dispersion formulation, according to the date of pesticide treatment before harvest. In the case of cyantraniliprole in grain and straw, there was a 91.1 and 89.1% decrease, respectively, from the initial residues (14–7 days) to the final plot (40–30 days before harvest). However, IN-J9Z38 gradually increased over time, indicating that cyantraniliprole transformed into IN-J9Z38 during cultivation. The biological half-lives of total cyantraniliprole were 11.3 and 9.4 days for grain and straw, respectively. The results obtained in this study will inform regulation and management of pesticide use for the minor crop proso millet.
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