Determination of Residual Gas Fraction in IC Engines

Schwarz, Frank; Spicher, Ulrich

doi:10.4271/2003-01-3148

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The experimental measurement methods for RGM (or fraction) are either pressure [15][16][17] or emissions based. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Pressure-based methods are relatively less expensive than emissionbased methods, but they require a combination of accurate modeling and experimental measurements to produce accurate results. Emission-based methods combine a tracer species and a measurement technique.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Wang

Prucka

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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Trapped residual gas mass is an important physical factor that influences combustion phasing and variation, fuel consumption, and air mass prediction for fuel control. There are currently no mass-production sensors available to directly measure in-cylinder residual gas mass, so prediction models must be utilized for control. Residual gas content of the cylinder can be difficult to directly model for control purposes because it involves complex flows during gas exchange that are driven by fluctuating pressures in the intake and exhaust systems. Capturing these effects in an accurate manner generally requires high model complexity and computational effort outside of the capability of most production intent engine controllers. This paper presents a semi-physics-based control oriented residual gas mass (RGM) prediction method. The RGM model is based on Bernoulli’s principle and considers engine operating conditions, valve timing and geometry, and piston motion effects. Moreover, to more accurately estimate the burned gas back flow, this model captures gas wave dynamic effects in intake and exhaust manifold pressures. The model is described in detail and its prediction accuracy is compared to that of a high fidelity simulation that utilizes experimentally measured crank angle resolved intake, exhaust, and cylinder pressures as boundary conditions. The new model is incorporated into a rapid-prototype control system for real-time operation during transient and steady-state engine operation. The results show that the proposed RGM model provides real-time predictions within 1.9-2.3% RGF, creating relative estimation errors in the range of 10-24%, and is capable of running real-time for engine control.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Wang

Prucka

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…There is evidence that the presence of stratification in HCCI combustion leads to a (favourable) lengthening of the combustion event [1]. The overall level of residual gas in an engine can be measured using sampling techniques [2][3][4] and single-point optical techniques [5][6][7], but the level of residual gas homogeneity must be assessed using one-and two-dimensional incylinder optical techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…email: ghandhi@engr.wisc.edu systems that sample a significant fraction of the trapped charge, but require a programmed misfire [2,3], or by using continuous sampling [4]. The cylinder dumping approach typically uses CO 2 as a tracer species for the burned gas, and by sampling a significant fraction of the charge good accuracy can be achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling measurements of the internal residual gas can be performed using cylinder dumping *Corresponding author: Engine Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 West Engineering Drive, Wisconsin 53706, USA. email: ghandhi@engr.wisc.edu systems that sample a significant fraction of the trapped charge, but require a programmed misfire [2,3], or by using continuous sampling [4]. The cylinder dumping approach typically uses CO 2 as a tracer species for the burned gas, and by sampling a significant fraction of the charge good accuracy can be achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual gas homogeneity measurements

Ghandhi

Bright

Herold

2009

International Journal of Engine Research

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Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of a dopant added to the fuel, which was well mixed with the intake air upstream of the engine, was used to investigate inhomogeneities that arise from the incomplete mixing of the intake charge with the residual gas left in the cylinder from the previous cycle. The residual gas fraction was independently measured using a fast-acting solenoid valve and a cylinder dumping technique. The experiments were performed on a four-stroke homogeneous-charge spark-ignition engine operating at light load. The PLIF data were shot-noise-limited, permitting filtering to reduce some noise artefacts; and to further reduce system-induced biases associated with pulse-to-pulse laser variations the data were raymean-normalized, i.e. normalized by the mean of the data along the laser propagation direction. The filtered results had excellent noise characteristics, with a signal-to-noise ratio in excess of 50:1, and allowed the low levels of mixture unmixedness to be identified. The fresh charge was found to exhibit inhomogeneities up to 30u before top dead centre, the latest time investigated. The second moment of the ray-mean-normalized intensity distribution was found to be relatively insensitive to the total residual fraction up to a residual fraction of approximately 30 per cent, having a value of ,0.04. At higher levels of residual there was a monotonic increase in the intensity distribution's second moment.

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“…Apart from being a laborious and timeconsuming process, this method is only valid for steady engine running conditions. Some recent measurement methods involve sampling from pre-programmed motoring cycles occurring every 10-15 cycles [12,13]. Apart from being constrained to non-dynamic measurements, these methods cannot be used in HCCI because one cycle's misfire would most probably lead to continuous misfiring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Gas Fraction Measurement and Estimation on a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Utilizing the Negative Valve Overlap Strategy

Karagiorgis¹,

Collings²,

Glover³

et al. 2006

SAE Technical Paper Series

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This paper is concerned with the Residual Gas Fraction measurement and estimation on a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. A novel incylinder gas sampling technique was employed to obtain cyclic dynamic measurements of CO 2 concentration in the compression stroke and in combination with CO 2 concentration measurements in the exhaust stroke, cyclic Residual Gas Fraction was measured. The measurements were compared to estimations from a physical, 4-cylinder, single-zone model of the HCCI cycle and good agreement was found in steady engine running conditions. Some form of oscillating behaviour that HCCI exhibits because of exhaust gas coupling was studied and the model was modified to simulate this behaviour.

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Determination of Residual Gas Fraction in IC Engines

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Control-oriented residual gas mass prediction for spark ignition engines

Residual gas homogeneity measurements

Residual Gas Fraction Measurement and Estimation on a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Utilizing the Negative Valve Overlap Strategy

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