Determination of Relationship between Higher Heating Value and Atomic Ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon in Spent Coffee Grounds by Hydrothermal Carbonization

Park, Jung Eun; Lee, Gi Bbum; Jeong, Cheol Jin; Kim, Ho; Kim, Choong Gon

doi:10.3390/en14206551

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The GP correlations are more generally applicable to a large number of feedstocks due to the inclusion of the properties of biomass and hydrochar in the prediction correlations, but there is room for improvement with more feedstock and reactor parameters. Marzban et al (2022) [28] note in their study that few results on the effect of %So on HTC output are found in the literature; they found only 3 studies out of 35 references in which the solids content was varied over a wide range (1.6-20%), S2 in SM) [16,17,27,57].…”

Section: Investigating the Impact Of Input Variables On Htc Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The good agreement between the DoE and random runs shows that the DoE model can be used as an alternative for predicting SCG results. We tested this by predicting values for HTC outputs (SY, HHV, EY) from four literature studies on the HTC of SCGs with 16 different HTC process conditions [16,17,27,57], ranging from T (150-260 • C), t (0.5-3 h), and %S o (6-30 wt%) with the DoE model (see Table S2 and Figure S3 in SM). Figure 2d illustrates a comparison between the HTC outputs (SY, HHV, and EY) from the literature and those of this study, including both measured and DoE_predicted values.…”

Section: Investigating the Impact Of Input Variables On Htc Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermochemical conversion of these wet SCGs to carbon-rich materials (hydrochars) via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been demonstrated successfully in several studies for fuel utilization [16,17], soil amendment [7,18], and adsorption materials [19,20]. HTC, also referred to as wet hydrolysis or wet torrefaction, is an efficient technology for converting high water content biomass into high-carbon solids with subcritical water in the temperature range of 180-250 • C under saturated vapor conditions between 10 and 80 bars for a reaction time varying from 1-12 h [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Fuel Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds through Hydrothermal Carbonization: Output Prediction and Post-Treatment Approaches

Dang,

Farru,

Glaser

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The reuse potential for the large annual production of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) is underexploited in most world regions. Hydrochars from SCGs produced via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) have been recognized as a promising solid fuel alternative. To increase demand, optimization of the HTC and two post-treatment processes, washing and agglomeration, were studied to improve hydrochar in terms of energetic properties, minimizing unwanted substances, and better handling. HTC experiments at three scales (1–18.75 L) and varying process conditions (temperature T (160–250 °C), reaction time t (1–5 h), and solid content %So (6–20%) showed that the higher heating value (HHV) can be improved by up to 46%, and most potential emissions of trace elements from combustion reduced (up to 90%). The HTC outputs (solid yield—SY, HHV, energy yield—EY) were modeled and compared to published genetic programming (GP) models. Both model types predicted the three outputs with low error (<15%) and can be used for process optimization. The efficiency of water washing depended on the HTC process temperature and type of aromatics produced. The furanic compounds were removed (69–100%; 160 °C), while only 34% of the phenolic compounds (240 °C) were washed out. Agglomeration of both wet SCG and its hydrochar is feasible; however, the finer particles of washed hydrochar (240 °C) resulted in larger-sized spherical pellets (85% > 2000–4000 µm) compared to SCGs (only 4%).

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Section: Investigating the Impact Of Input Variables On Htc Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Investigating the Impact Of Input Variables On Htc Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Fuel Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds through Hydrothermal Carbonization: Output Prediction and Post-Treatment Approaches

Dang,

Farru,

Glaser

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…To increase the fixed carbon ratio content, the cow manure underwent hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) [25,26]. The reaction conditions followed for the HTC were based on results from a previous study [27]. Dried cow manure was used to control the amount of water content input: the cow manure to water weight ratio was 1:2.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization (Htc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Surface Area–Activated Carbon Production from Cow Manure Controlled by Heat Treatment Conditions

et al. 2022

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In this study, methods of adding value to cow manure were studied. Due to the properties of cow manure, activated carbon with a high surface area can only be produced by increasing the fixed carbon ratio and removing the ash content. Activated carbon was fabricated using five different treatments: (1) raw material–chemical activation, (2) raw material–hydrothermal carbonization–chemical activation, (3) raw material–hydrothermal carbonization–chemical activation–acid washing, (4) raw material–hydrothermal carbonization–heat treatment–chemical activation, and (5) raw material–hydrothermal carbonization–chemical activation–acid washing. The products then underwent proximate, elementary, and surface area analyses. In addition, changes in activated carbon properties depending on the heat treatment temperature (300, 500, 700 °C) and the applied chemical activator ratios (1:1–1:3) were examined. The results showed that the best heat treatment temperature was 300 °C, and the cow manure to chemical activator ratio was 1:2. The heat treatment stabilization process increases the fixed carbon ratio and the solid yield, and the acid wash process removes substances that restrain the increase in surface area. Therefore, activated carbon with a surface area of 1955 m2/g can be produced after the addition of heat treatment and an acid wash to the process. In addition, the adsorption properties of activated carbon with different heat treatment conditions were studied.

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“…a Obtained results. b[34], c[35], d[36]. * Spent Coffee Grounds ** Biomass for hydrothermal processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Hot Water (LHW) and Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Coffee Berry Waste: Kinetics, Catalysis, and Optimization for the Synthesis of Platform Chemicals

Lozano-Pérez,

Guerrero-Fajardo

2024

Sustainability

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Colombia is the world’s leading producer of mildly washed arabica coffee and produces 12.6 million bags of green coffee, but at the same time, 784,000 tons of waste biomass are dumped in open fields, of which only 5% is recovered or used. The objective of this project was to evaluate the production of platform chemicals from these coffee wastes for sustainable resource management. To achieve this, biomass characterization was carried out using proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and structural analysis. Hydrothermal valorization was carried out at a temperature range of 120–180 °C (LHW) and 180–260 °C (HTC) for one hour. The platform chemicals obtained were quantified by HPLC-RI and monitored by pH and conductivity, and the solid fraction was characterized by monitoring the functional groups in IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Hydrolysis processes were obtained at 150 °C, production of platform chemicals at 180 °C, and maximum concentration at 180 °C-4 h; over 200 °C, degradation of the products in the liquid fraction starts to take place. Homogeneous basic and acid catalysts were used to improve the yields of the reaction. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic structures to sugars were also analyzed and described, and reaction orders of 1 (LHW), 3 (HTC), and their respective reaction rate equations were reported.

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Determination of Relationship between Higher Heating Value and Atomic Ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon in Spent Coffee Grounds by Hydrothermal Carbonization

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Enhancing the Fuel Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds through Hydrothermal Carbonization: Output Prediction and Post-Treatment Approaches

Enhancing the Fuel Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds through Hydrothermal Carbonization: Output Prediction and Post-Treatment Approaches

High Surface Area–Activated Carbon Production from Cow Manure Controlled by Heat Treatment Conditions

Liquid Hot Water (LHW) and Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Coffee Berry Waste: Kinetics, Catalysis, and Optimization for the Synthesis of Platform Chemicals

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