Determination of Reducing Sugars and Reducing End Groups in Polysaccharides by Reaction with Carbon-14-Labeled Cyanide

Moyer, J. D.; Isbell, H. S.

doi:10.1021/ac60144a028

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…After storage at 4 C for another 18 h, excess borohydride was destroyed with dilute acetic acid. The products were desalted by passage over Sephadex G10 with a volatile buffer (see above), lyophilized, and analyzed for GlcUA by the (32), as well as by comparative glucose analysis before and after reduction with NaBH4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VII. Bacteriophage 29-host capsular polysaccharide interactions

Fehmel¹,

Feige²,

Niemann³

et al. 1975

J Virol

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Different interactions between particles of Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophage 29 and its receptor, the E. coli serotype 29 capsular polysaccharide have been studied. The inactivation of phage 29 (8 x 108 PFU/ml) by isolated host capsular glycan was found to be physiologically insignificant (50% inactivation dose = 100 ug after 1 h at 37 C). No adsorption (<2 x 104 PFU/ug) of the viruses to K29 polysaccharide-coated erythrocytes (at 0 or 37 C) was observed either. The phage particles were, however, found to catalyze the hydrolysis of fl-Dglucosido-(1-3)-Dglucuronic acid bonds (arrow) in the receptor polymer, leading, ultimately, to the formation of a mixture of K29 hexasaccharide (one repeating unit), dodecasaccharide, and octadecasaccharide: pyruvate (ketal) 4 /\ 6 D-Glcp #I l 2 D-Manp al l 4 2)-D-Manp-(1 b3)-D-Glcp-(1 c c 3)-D-GlciJAp-(1 $3)-D-Galp-(l _a t Testing derivatives of K29 polysaccharide, as well as 82 heterologous bacterial (mainly Enteriobacteriaceae) capsular glycans, the viral glycanase was found to be highly specific; in accordance with the host range of phage 29, only one enzymatic cross-reaction (with the Klebsiella K31 polysaccharide) was observed. These and previous results, as well as the electron optical findings of M. E. Bayer and H. Thurow (submitted for publication), are discussed in terms of a unifying mechanism of phage 29-host capsule interaction. We propose that the viruses penetrate the capsules by means of their spike-associated glycanase activity, which leads them along capsular polysaccharide strands to membrane-cell wall adhesions where ejection of the viral genomes occurs. Bacteriophages generally infect a restricted range of related host bacteria only. This specificity is largely, but by no means exclusively,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VII. Bacteriophage 29-host capsular polysaccharide interactions

Fehmel¹,

Feige²,

Niemann³

et al. 1975

J Virol

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“…Attempted reaction of glycopeptide with [14C]potassium cyanide was by the method of Moyer and Isbell (1958).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and partial characterization of hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides obtained by enzymic degradation of primary cell walls

Lamport¹,

Clark²

1969

Biochemistry

204

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“…The number-average molecular weight of the polysaccharide was determined by labelling the reducing end of the polysaccharide with Nal4CN by the method described by Isbell (1951) and Moyer & Isbell (1958). The dry radioactive samples were counted in a proportional internal gasflow counter (Nuclear-Chicago Corp., U.S.A.).…”

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confidence: 99%

Polysaccharides of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Olaitan¹,

Northcote²

1962

Biochemical Journal

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HEAVY-METAL IONS AND p-GLUCURONIDASE 509 2. Mercuric chloride and silver nitrate have a qualitatively similar inhibitory action on the enzyme. This appears primarily to be competitive, but an effect on KS, the dissociation constant of the inactive ES2 enzyme-substrate complex, can also be distinguished, thereby increasing substrate inhibition. A third effect develops only in the presence of substrate, increasing the overall inhibition. Phenylmercuric hydroxide exhibits a novel form of inhibition in that it only decreases Ks2. p-Chloromercuribenzoate is a purely competitive inhibitor and appears not to affect K.. Cupric sulphate probably inhibits competitivefy and also decreases KS, so combining the two independent actions of tNhe organic mercurials. 3. The inactivating action of copper is potentiated by various reducing agents. Ascorbate is shown to act by reducing cupric copper to the much more toxic cuprous form. In the presence of bisulphite, copper catalyses a substrate-protected decomposition of the enzyme. 4. It is concluded that both SH and SS groups are involved in the active centre of f-glucuronidase. 5. Cuprous ion is shown to cause a non-enzymic hydrolysis of several aryl glucosides, including phenolphthalein P-glucuronide.

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Determination of Reducing Sugars and Reducing End Groups in Polysaccharides by Reaction with Carbon-14-Labeled Cyanide

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VII. Bacteriophage 29-host capsular polysaccharide interactions

Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. VII. Bacteriophage 29-host capsular polysaccharide interactions

Isolation and partial characterization of hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides obtained by enzymic degradation of primary cell walls

Polysaccharides of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

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