Determination of ratios of sulfate to bisulfate ions in aqueous solutions by Raman spectroscopy

Kruus, Peeter; Hayes, Amos; Adams, William A.

doi:10.1007/bf00648900

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results well supported the exchange reactions discussed above between MA and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl. However, when NH 4 HSO 4 was exposed to MA vapor, the bands attributing to HSO − 4 at 1048, 1017, 884, 578, and 415 cm −1 (Kruus et al, 1985) Therefore, based on these results, we concluded that except for NH 4 HSO 4 , exchange reaction between CH 3 NH 2 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl occurred under these conditions. As for NH 4 HSO 4 , a simple acid-base reaction occurred and the proton in HSO − 4 should be the reactive site.…”

Section: Uptake Of Ma Onto Inorganic Ammonium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The band at 1008 cm −1 was ascribed to the stretch vibration of C-N in MA and the band at 2981 cm −1 was related to that of CH 3 (Purnell et al, 1976). For (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 sample, the band at 2981 cm −1 was observed obviously while the band at 1008 cm −1 was observed as a shoulder peak because of the strong peak of SO 2− 4 (v 1 ) at 976 cm −1 (Kruus et al, 1985). It was inversed for NH 4 Cl.…”

Section: Uptake Of Ma Onto Inorganic Ammonium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Differences in the reactivity of ammonium salts with methylamine

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The heterogeneous uptake of methylamine (MA) onto (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 HSO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl was investigated using a Knudsen cell reactor coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer, in situ Raman spectrometer and theoretical calculations. Exchange reactions were observed between MA and NH 4 NO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and NH 4 Cl were observed at 298 K. Simple acid-base reaction for MA was found taking place on NH 4 HSO 4 . CH 3 NH 3 NO 3 and CH 3 NH 3 Cl are not stable at low pressure and have higher dissociation vapor pressure than methylammonium sulfate. The observed uptake coefficients of MA on (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 HSO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl at 298 K were measured to be 6.30±1.03×10 −3 , 1.78±0.36×10 −2 , 8.79±1.99×10 −3 and 2.29±0.28×10 −3 , respectively. A linear free energy relationship was found for the heterogeneous reactions between MA and NH 4 Cl, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 . Namely, the natural logarithm of uptake coefficients of MA on these ammonium salts is linearly related to the electrostatic potential of the H atom in the NH + 4 group.

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Section: Uptake Of Ma Onto Inorganic Ammonium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Uptake Of Ma Onto Inorganic Ammonium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Differences in the reactivity of ammonium salts with methylamine

et al. 2012

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“…Second, the v-SO 4 2− band centered at 983-985 cm −1 presented an apparent shoulder shift to high frequency in higher concentrated ZnSO 4 solutions, which implied a more close aggregated ion-associations. [48] Moreover, the high frequency of the O-H stretch vibration (HOH-OH 2 , 3264-3304 cm −1 ) was gradually suppressed with the decrease of the free water molecule ratio ( Figure S8, Supporting Information). Correspondingly, the shift to high frequency of "HOH-OSO 3 ] ligand mode was strongly strengthened, which inferred that more Zn 2+ was coordinated with anions and dissolved with water molecules.…”

Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metal–Organic Framework as a Multifunctional Ionic Sieve Membrane for Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc–Iodide Batteries

et al. 2020

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The introduction of the redox couple of triiodide/iodide (I3−/I−) into aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries is a promising energy‐storage resource owing to its safety and cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, the limited lifespan of zinc–iodine (Zn–I2) batteries is currently far from satisfactory owing to the uncontrolled shuttling of triiodide and unfavorable side‐reactions on the Zn anode. Herein, space‐resolution Raman and micro‐IR spectroscopies reveal that the Zn anode suffers from corrosion induced by both water and iodine species. Then, a metal–organic framework (MOF) is exploited as an ionic sieve membrane to simultaneously resolve these problems for Zn–I2 batteries. The multifunctional MOF membrane, first, suppresses the shuttling of I3− and restrains related parasitic side‐reaction on the Zn anode. Furthermore, by regulating the electrolyte solvation structure, the MOF channels construct a unique electrolyte structure (more aggregative ion associations than in saturated electrolyte). With the concurrent improvement on both the iodine cathode and the Zn anode, Zn–I2 batteries achieve an ultralong lifespan (>6000 cycles), high capacity retention (84.6%), and high reversibility (Coulombic efficiency: 99.65%). This work not only systematically reveals the parasitic influence of free water and iodine species to the Zn anode, but also provides an efficient strategy to develop long‐life aqueous Zn–I2 batteries.

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Section: Uptake Of Ma Onto Inorganic Ammonium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These results well supported the exchange reactions discussed above between MA and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl. However, when NH 4 HSO 4 was exposed to MA vapor, the bands attributing to HSO − 4 at 1048, 1017, 884, 578, and 415 cm −1(Kruus et al, 1985) decreased in intensity with time, accompanied with obvious increase of SO 2− 4 (978 cm −1 ), C-N (1008 cm −1 ) and CH 3 (2986 cm −1 ) in MA. The synchronous decrease in intensity of HSO − This result demonstrated that the active site for uptake of MA onto NH 4 HSO 4 was the proton in HSO − 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative study on the heterogeneous reaction between methylamine and ammonium salts

Liu¹,

Han²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

Preprint

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The heterogeneous uptake of methylamine (MA) onto (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, NH4NO3 and NH4Cl was investigated using a Knudsen cell reactor coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer, in situ Raman spectrometer and theoretical calculations. Reversible exchange reactions between MA and NH4NO3 and NH4Cl were observed at 298 K. Irreversible exchange reaction and simple acid-base reaction for MA was found taking place on (NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4, respectively. The observed uptake coefficients of MA on (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, NH4NO3 and NH4Cl at 298 K were measured to be 6.30±1.03×10−3, 1.78±0.36×10−2, 8.79±1.99×10−3 and 2.29±0.28×10−3, respectively. A linear free energy relationship was found for the heterogeneous reactions between MA and NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3. Namely, the uptake coefficients of MA on these ammonium salts were linearly related to the electrostatic potential of the H atom in the NH4+ group

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Determination of ratios of sulfate to bisulfate ions in aqueous solutions by Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Differences in the reactivity of ammonium salts with methylamine

Differences in the reactivity of ammonium salts with methylamine

A Metal–Organic Framework as a Multifunctional Ionic Sieve Membrane for Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc–Iodide Batteries

Comparative study on the heterogeneous reaction between methylamine and ammonium salts

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