“…17,23 Determining Y 3+ in biological and environmental samples is crucial. Traditional methods for measuring yttrium(III) include inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), 27,28 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, 29 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 2,30 ame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 31 energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), 32 laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), 33 X-ray uorescence, 34 and uorescence sensors. 4,35 However, these methods oen require sophisticated and costly instruments that may not be accessible in all laboratories.…”