Determination of rare earth elements in mineral waters by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

RETRACTED: Preconcentration and solid phase extraction method for the determination of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd in environmental and biological samples using activated carbon by FAAS

“…In trace analysis, therefore, preconcentration leads to simplified trace metal determination. Several methods of preconcentration include solvent extraction [2,3], adsorption [4,5], membrane extraction [6], coprecipitation [7][8][9], ion-exchange [10,11]. But, solid phase extraction (SPE) is multielement preconcentration methods because of its simplicity, rapidity and ability to attain a high concentration factor.…”

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 resin: Applications for the separation and preconcentration of trace metal ions prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

“…To solve these problems, various preconcentration methods such as liquid-liquid extraction (Malvanker and Shinde 1991;McLeod et al 1981), ion exchange (Dumont, Cote, and Hubert 1989;Kubova, Nevoral, and Streko 1994), coprecipitation (Akagi and Haraguchi 1990;Elci and Saracoglu 1998;Frigge and Jackwerth 1991;Kagaya, Araki, and Hasegawa 2000;Kagaya, Malek, and Hasegawa 2002;Santelli, Gallego, and Valcarcel 1989), solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Fang and Dong 1992;Wang and Hansen 2001a and b), and flotation (Cundeva, Stafilov, and Pavlovska 2000) were used. Among these, SPE is one of the important preconcentration methods that has been generally used, because of its simplicity and accuracy.…”

Separation/Preconcentration of Copper, Lead, and Iron in Natural Water Samples on Chromosorb-105 Resin Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determinations

“…[7][8][9][10] The most widely used techniques for the separation-preconcentration of trace elements include solvent extraction, sorbent extraction, membrane filtration, cloud point extraction, coprecipitation, ion-exchange, and electrochemical deposition. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Solid phase extraction is an attractive method for the preconcentration and separation of trace metal ions. It has some advantages including simplicity, easy application to the flow injection systems, high preconcentration factors, etc.…”