Determination of rainy season onset and cessation based on a flexible driest period

Ferijal, Teuku; Batelaan, Okke; Shanafield, Margaret; Alfahmi, Furqon

doi:10.1007/s00704-021-03917-1

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is consistent with findings of a study which concluded that there was high variability in rainfall characteristics such as the onset and total rainfall in Eswatini making it hard to predict the amount of rainfall to be available for crop production in a given season [34]. High rainfall variation makes it difficult to identify trends with a high degree of certainty [35].…”

Section: Extent Of Rainfall Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production in Eswatini

Mkhwanazi,

Ndzinisa,

Sacolo

2024

CJAST

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Crop production is increasingly under threat as rainfall becomes more erratic and unreliable due to climate change. The rainy season in Eswatini is mainly between October and March, but a variation in the amount of rainfall, onset and cessation of rainfall season, and dry spells has been lately threatening rain-fed maize production. This study was meant to assess the degree of rainfall variability and its impacts on rain-fed maize production in Eswatini. Rainfall data for the years 1991-2021 from six weather stations representing the various agro-ecological zones in Eswatini was obtained from the Department of Meteorological Services. The degree of rainfall variability was then determined using the coefficient of variability (CV). Also determined was the relationship between rainfall and the maize production. This was done to determine how maize production responds to rainfall variability. Maize production data was obtained from the FAO online platform, FAOSTAT. Results from the study indicated that in Eswatini there is moderate to high rainfall variability. The Middleveld and Highveld had a year-to-year variability of 25% and 23%, respectively which is classified as moderate while the Lowveld had high variability of 34%. The seasonal rainfall was found to have a statistically significant relationship with nationwide maize production (in metric tonnes). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between seasonal rainfall and yield was found to be 0.68, which was tested and found to be significant (P<.05), indicating a significant positive correlation.

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Section: Extent Of Rainfall Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production in Eswatini

Mkhwanazi,

Ndzinisa,

Sacolo

2024

CJAST

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“…Because the dry and rainy seasons are mainly defined in terms of rainfall, they vary among geographic locations, even within relatively short distances (Chang, Wang, et al, 2005b; Ferijal et al, 2022; Hamada et al, 2002; Moron et al, 2009). Based on pentad (5‐day) rainfall variation, Jakarta's climatology has been classified as A–I, which is dominated by an annual cycle and a rainy season from September to February (Hamada et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal sea breeze variation analysis based on multi‐year near‐surface observations in Jakarta, Indonesia

Junnaedhi

Inagaki

Ferdiansyah

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this study, multi‐year near‐surface observations were conducted at two sites in Jakarta, Indonesia to analyse seasonal sea breeze variation. Seasonal length was defined using observed zonal wind components, the rainy season was defined as December–March, and the dry season was defined as May–September. We found that the sea breeze in Jakarta started earlier, propagated more rapidly, and lasted for a shorter period of time during the rainy than dry season. Variation in the air temperature difference between urban and coastal areas of Jakarta was the major factor driving sea breeze seasonal variation. During the rainy season, night‐time cloud downwelling decreased this air temperature difference, causing earlier sea breeze onset and more rapid sea breeze propagation due to a weaker land breeze. By contrast, during the dry season, intense night‐time radiative cooling inland caused a strong negative temperature difference that produced a stronger land breeze, thus, slowing sea breeze propagation. Seasonal differences in urban surface heating and urban heat island circulation may also affect sea breeze onset and propagation speed. Discrepancies in thermal properties between urban core and coastal areas of Jakarta also prolonged positive temperature differences after sunset, thus extending the sea breeze duration in the dry season.

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“…These pools present a challenge due to their unpredictable water availability, which can vary seasonally or between years (Brendonck et al, 2010). For instance, (1) the rainy or wet period shows high levels of concentrated precipitation and represents most of the annual rainfall in the region; (2) the post-rainy period might be determined by shifts in salinity and grain size distribution in surface sediments of freshwater bodies (Ferijal et al, 2022); and (3) the drought period is marked by rising temperatures and decreased precipitation relative to normal conditions, which subsequently leads to lower availability of water or a completely dry pool (Fischer et al, 2000;Sheffield & Wood, 2012;Florencio et al, 2020). In addition, these pools are shallow, simple in physical structure, and spatially discrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation and spatial factors affecting zooplankton communities in freshwater rock pools

Santos,

Melo Júnior

2024

J. Env. Anal. Progr.

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Most ecological studies have focused on one snapshot in a single location and the same taxonomic group. However, relatively few studies have explored different taxonomic groups over multiple periods, particularly in ephemeral Neotropical ecosystems. This study investigates the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton communities and their responses to environmental variables in temporary pools in the Seasonally Dry Forest Ecosystem, Pernambuco, Brazil. We examined the seasonal fluctuations in species abundance, diversity, and evenness of Cladocera, Copepoda, and Rotifera in five temporary rock pools. Although these pools are meters apart, they vary considerably in size and drought sensitivity, leading to distinct seasonal dynamics mediated by water availability. We asked (i) how do species abundance, diversity, and evenness vary seasonally? (ii) Do these seasonal shifts differ between Cladocera, Copepoda, and Rotifera? And (iii) How do water environmental variables and spatial distance of pools influence zooplankton species composition? We hypothesized that Cladocera and Copepoda are positively affected by the rainy season, but Rotifera is mostly common in the dry season. Our findings underscore seasonality as the primary driver influencing the abundance and composition of zooplankton communities. We observed higher abundance of Cladocera and Rotifera during the post-rainy season, but Copepoda was dominant in the rainy season, leading to a strong seasonal variation in species evenness. These differences among groups highlight the importance of considering biological differences when understanding the ecological drivers of temporary freshwater ecosystems.

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Determination of rainy season onset and cessation based on a flexible driest period

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production in Eswatini

Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production in Eswatini

Seasonal sea breeze variation analysis based on multi‐year near‐surface observations in Jakarta, Indonesia

Temporal variation and spatial factors affecting zooplankton communities in freshwater rock pools

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