Determination of radionuclide composition of the Russian NPPs atmospheric releases and dose assessment to population

Radiological Assessment of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant Site in the Pre-Operational Period

“…The activity concentrations of radiocarbon and tritium content in different samples are presented in Table 5. For terrestrial plants, the 14 C content is close to the modern carbon level -100 pMC (0.227 Bq/g C).…”

“…The 14 C content in some trees slightly exceeds this level. This may have been caused by different physiological processes in different trees.…”

“…The practice of operating nuclear power plants in Russia demonstrates that discharges and emissions have a negligible radiation impact on the population and the environment. Nevertheless, the release of longlived radionuclides into the environment can lead to local anomalous content in various environmental objects [13][14]. Atmospheric emissions form an uneven distribution of radionuclides over the area.…”

“…• possible critical population groups. As a result of nuclear transformations, hundreds of radionuclides are formed in the reactor core, but only a limited number of them can have an effect on the population and the environment through emissions, discharges and the generation of radioactive waste [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Radioactive substances entering the environment can be in solid, liquid or gaseous states [17,18].…”

“…Radioactive substances entering the environment can be in solid, liquid or gaseous states [17,18]. The radionuclides which need to detected in order to ensure the safety of the population include a number of difficult-to-detect beta-emitting radionuclides ( 3 H, 14 C, 90 Sr), the measurement of which requires sophisticated methods for detecting and preparing samples. These cannot be realized in the field [19][20][21][22].…”