Determination of Ractopamine Hydrochloride in Swine and Turkey Tissues by Liquid Chromatography with Coulometric Detection

Turberg, Michael P; Macy, Thomas D; Lewis, Jerry J; Coleman, Mark R

doi:10.1093/jaoac/78.6.1394

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Its advantages over conventional liquid-liquid extraction include lesser solvent consumption, convenient operation, and superior stability [24]. By reviewing the literature, the Oasis MCX column [32,33] (60 mg/3 mL, Waters, Milford, MA, USA), the Oasis HLB column [34,35] (200 mg/3 mL, Waters, Milford, MA, USA), and the Bond Elut C18 column [36,37] (200 mg/3 mL, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) were more commonly used in previous β-agonists assays. Qvet-AG, as a new one-step veterinary drug pretreatment column, is less utilized at present.…”

Section: Optimization Of Solid-phase Extraction Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and High-Throughput Determination of Sixteen β-agonists in Livestock Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS

Yan

Ning

Cheng

et al. 2022

Foods

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β-agonists are illegally added to animal feed because they can greatly increase carcasses’ leanness, which impairs the safety of animal-derived foods and indirectly endangers human health. This study aimed to develop an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for determining sixteen β-agonists in livestock meat. The homogenized samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase/sulfatase at 40 °C for 2 h, extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid (v/v), and purified by the one-step Qvet-AG extraction column. The residue was redissolved by 0.1% aqueous formic acid/methanol (9:1, v/v) after blow-drying by nitrogen, and then determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that the well linearity was in the range of 0.1–50 μg/L with the correlation coefficient (R2) ≥0.9928, and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.01–0.11 μg/kg and 0.04–0.38 μg/kg, respectively. With intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) being less than 10%, the average recoveries of pork, beef, and lamb at various spiked levels ranged from 62.62–115.93%, 61.35–106.34%, and 62.00–111.83%, respectively. In conclusion, the established method is simple, efficient, sensitive, and suitable for the simultaneous detection of several β-agonist residues in livestock meat.

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Section: Optimization Of Solid-phase Extraction Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and High-Throughput Determination of Sixteen β-agonists in Livestock Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS

Yan

Ning

Cheng

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Turberg et al (5) reported the determination of ractopamine hydrochloride by LC with electrochemical detection having a limit of detection of 0.5 ng g -1 and recoveries of 75-100% in liver, kidney, muscle, and fat tissues. Turberg et al ( 6) also reported a ractopamine determinative method for monkey plasma and swine serum using HPLC with electrochemical detection having a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 ng mL -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue Depletion of Ractopamine and Its Metabolites in Swine Tissues, Urine, and Serum

Zeng

Fenqin

Wang

et al. 2007

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ractopamine hydrochloride is a beta-adrenergic leanness-enhancing agent approved for use in swine in the United States. Depletion of ractopamine and its metabolites from animal tissues, urine, and serum is of interest for the detection of illegal use. The objectives of this study were to measure the residues of ractopamine in swine incurred samples after treatment with dietary ractopamine for 28 consecutive days. An efficient and sensitive analytical method was developed for the detection of parent ractopamine and its metabolites in swine tissues, urine, and serum by HPLC-FLD. After extraction, enzymatic digestion, and solid-phase cleanup of the samples, ractopamine residues were determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detector. The limits of detection (LOD) for tissues, urine, and serum were 1 ng g(-1), 0.5 ng mL(-1), and 0.5 ng mL(-1), respectively. Recoveries ranged from 70.5 to 94.5% for samples fortified at 1-50 ng g(-1) or ng mL(-1). Sixty pigs were fed twice daily for 28 consecutive days with feeds containing 18 mg kg(-1) ractopamine HCl. The residue concentrations in urine, liver, and kidney were 650.06 ng mL(-1), 46.09 ng g(-1), and 169.27 ng g(-1), respectively, compared with those in muscle, fat, and serum (4.94 ng g(-1), 3.28 ng g(-1), and 7.48 ng mL(-1), respectively) at the feeding period of 7 days. The residue concentrations at withdrawal period of 0 days in all edible tissues were lower than tolerance values established by the FDA and MRL values listed by the JECFA. These data support the withdrawal time of 0 days established by the FDA for ractopamine used as feed additive in swine.

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“…Various analytical methods have been developed in an effort to combat the illicit usage of β-agonists and related compounds. These methods included liquid chromatography, − gas chromatography, − enzyme-linked immunoassay, − surface plasmon resonance immunosensors, − and electrochemical immunosensors. − Howver, in many countries, there are still cases of illicit usages of β-agonist in pig feed, especially new β-agonists and β-agonist analogues. These new drugs cannot be detected by established gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS or LC/MS) or by immunoassay-based methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Detection of β-Agonists by Use of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Assays

Shen

Liu

et al. 2011

Anal. Chem.

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β-Agonists fed to animals for human consumption pose a serious threat to human health. Fast, broad-spectrum detection methods are needed for on-site screening of various types of β-agonists from animal feeds, meats, and animal body fluids. We developed a colorimetric assay that uses gold nanoparticle (AuNP) plasmon absorption to realize quick detection of β-agonists from liquid samples. β-Agonists showed the capability of directly reducing HAuCl(4) into atomic gold, which involved oxidation of the amine or phenol group on the benzene ring of the β-agonists. The resulting atomic gold formed AuNPs spontaneously, which had strong plasmon absorption at 528 nm. The linear relationship between the concentrations of β-agonists and the AuNPs plasmon absorbance granted quantitative determination of β-agonists in solution. The AuNPs colorimetric assay showed different sensitivities toward β-agonists with different substituent groups on the aromatic ring. β-Agonists with phenol groups had a lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) than those with amine groups. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the sizes of the AuNPs were in the range 15-25 nm, while X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopic data suggested the smaller particles observed in TEM with lower contrast may be salt particles from the buffer solution. The developed colorimetric assay can potentially be used for the detection of β-agonists and their analogues from serum, urine, and other liquid samples in the presence of interference from common antibiotics and glucose.

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Determination of Ractopamine Hydrochloride in Swine and Turkey Tissues by Liquid Chromatography with Coulometric Detection

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Rapid and High-Throughput Determination of Sixteen β-agonists in Livestock Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS

Rapid and High-Throughput Determination of Sixteen β-agonists in Livestock Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS

Residue Depletion of Ractopamine and Its Metabolites in Swine Tissues, Urine, and Serum

Direct Detection of β-Agonists by Use of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Assays

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