Determination of quinine in tonic water at the miniaturized and polarized liquid–liquid interface

Rudnicki, Konrad; Sobczak, Karolina; Borgul, Paulina; Skrzypek, Sławomira; Półtorak, Łukasz

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130417

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…3C) and on each side of the LLI. Such behavior is described in other published works [14,27]. The signal limiting the potential window on the less positive potential window side (~− 0.25 V) originate from the interfacial transfer of Clanions or BTPPA + cations (Cltransfer from the aqueous to the organic phase or BTTPA + from the organic to the aqueous phase is expected to be recorded as the negative current).…”

Section: Ctx + Detection At μItiessupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Detection at ITIES is not limited to oxidation/reduction reactions; its mechanism is frequently related to ionic species transferring across the polarizable liquid-liquid interface (LLI). It is often used to detect charged molecules that are electrochemically inactive at conventional solid electrodes [14]. Moreover, since the ionic partitioning governed by the molecular lipophilicity is directly related to the Galvani potential difference of the ion transfer reaction, the signals originating from hydrophilic-hydrophobic analytes can be separated which in turn may improve detection selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently proposed a very fast μITIES fabrication protocol which uses fused silica micro-capillaries having 25 μm as an inner diameter. We have found that these platforms can be successfully used for electroanalytical applications, e.g., fluoroquinolone antibiotics screening [16,27], food quality control [14], or as a support to electrochemically facilitated formation of nylon-6,6 at the ITIES [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selected physicochemical and electroanalytical parameters for CTX + . Calculated from the Randles-Ševčík equation[14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voltammetric study of cefotaxime at the macroscopic and miniaturized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

et al. 2021

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The electrochemical behavior of cefotaxime (CTX+) was investigated at the polarized macro- and micro-interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) by cyclic voltammetry and alternating current voltammetry. Miniaturization was achieved with fused silica microcapillary tubing entrapped in a polymeric casing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for the fabricated LLI support characterization. Voltammetric investigation of CTX+ at macro- and μ-ITIES allowed the determination of many physicochemical parameters, such as formal Galvani potential of the ion transfer reaction ($${\Delta }_{org}^{aq}{\varPhi}^{\prime }$$ Δ org aq Φ ′ ), diffusion coefficients (D), formal free Gibbs energy of the ion transfer reaction (∆G′aq → org), and water-1,2-dichloroethane partition coefficient ($${\log}{P}_{water/ DCE}^{CTX+}$$ log P w a t e r / D C E C T X + ). Additionally, based on the results obtained the analytical parameters including voltammetric sensitivity, limits of detection and the limits of quantification (in micromolar range) were calculated. The applicability of the developed procedures was verified in spiked still mineral and tap water samples. Graphical abstract

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Section: Ctx + Detection At μItiessupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selected physicochemical and electroanalytical parameters for CTX + . Calculated from the Randles-Ševčík equation[14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voltammetric study of cefotaxime at the macroscopic and miniaturized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

et al. 2021

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“…An interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is a unique electrode, capable of detecting a wide range of electroactive chemical species regardless of their classification as redox-active or redox-inactive. − ITIES electrodes have become more prevalent in analytical science due to their sensitivity beyond redox-active analytes and their ease of fabrication down to the nanoscale, , allowing for high spatial resolution which enables single-entity and nanostructure studies. − Electrochemistry at the ITIES has enabled researchers to probe fundamental mechanistic processes ,,− and a wide range of applications, including catalysis, − cellular studies, − ,,,,− heavy metal detection, − pharmacological studies, ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions Electrodes for Chemical Analysis

et al. 2022

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The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) plays vital roles in various fields, such as neuroscience, environmental science, analytical chemistry, separation, catalysis, and nanoparticle synthesis. ITIES emerges as a unique approach in chemical analysis due to its sensitivity to both redox-active and redox-inactive analytes. Neurotransmitters, metal ions, drug molecules, and other complex molecules such as proteins have been detected using ITIES. The detection of redox-inactive species at the ITIES has opened a door to understanding a wide range of complex systems that are less suited to probing by solid electrodes. In this feature article, we present the history of electrochemistry at the ITIES; charge transfer reactions, thermodynamics, and kinetics at the ITIES; electrode−solution interfacial structure; and a diverse range of applications enabled by ITIES.

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Applications of Electrochemistry at the ITIES in Drug Discovery and Development – A Review

Ribeiro,

Pereira

2024

ChemElectroChem

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The field of electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) has been continuously expanding over the years due to their vast number of applications, including to investigate the partitioning of ionizable drugs at liquid‐liquid systems. The aim of this Review is to highlight the great potential of ITIES as simple model of biological membranes to gather information on drug partition, lipophilicity, and pharmacokinetics that can be very useful for researchers in the field of drug discovery for development of new drugs with enhanced permeability. Relevant contributions and perspectives to improve the applicability of ITIES in partition studies were highlighted and discussed. The second part of this Review pretends to highlight the application of electrochemistry at the ITIES as experimental technique to investigate interactions between small ligands, including drugs, and DNA, a topic of high research interest in pharmaceutical and biological sciences, which remains with lots of opportunities to explore.

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Determination of quinine in tonic water at the miniaturized and polarized liquid–liquid interface

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Voltammetric study of cefotaxime at the macroscopic and miniaturized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

Voltammetric study of cefotaxime at the macroscopic and miniaturized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions Electrodes for Chemical Analysis

Applications of Electrochemistry at the ITIES in Drug Discovery and Development – A Review

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