Determination of provitamin A in Euglena gracilis Z by high performance liquid chromatography and changes of the contents under various culture conditions.

圭助, 細谷; 正三郎, 北岡

doi:10.4327/jsnfs.37.519

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Similar increase in vitamin E productivity by the addition of ethanol to bleached Euglena cells were also reported by Rodríguez-Zavala et al (2010). Although antioxidant content of cells grown under photoautotrophic conditions was higher than in cells grown photoheterotrophically or heterotrophically (Shigeoka et al 1980;Hosotani and Kitaoka 1984), biomass production under photoautotrophic conditions was low. Ogbonna et al (1999) previously reported that vitamin E levels in Euglena cells sequentially grown under heterotrophic conditions using ethanol and then under photoautotrophic conditions using corn steep liquor as a nitrogen source reached 1.7 mg g −1 D.W.…”

Section: Production Of Vitamins By Euglena Cellssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…When the provitamin A content of E. gracilis Z grown under various conditions was determined using HPLC, β-carotene was the predominant provitamin A compound in these cells (Hosotani and Kitaoka 1984). The contents of β-carotene in light-and dark-grown wild-type cells at the stationary phase in heterotrophic medium were 577.8 μg 10 9 cells −1 (706.2 μg g −1 wet weight) and 47.3 μg 10 9 cells −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemistry and Physiology of Vitamins in Euglena

Watanabe

Yoshimura

Shigeoka

2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Euglena gracilis Z requires vitamins B1 and B12 for growth. It takes up and accumulates large amounts of these exogenous vitamins through energy-dependent active transport systems. Except for these essential vitamins, E. gracilis Z has the ability to synthesize all human vitamins. Euglena synthesizes high levels of antioxidant vitamins such as vitamins C and E, and, thus, are used as nutritional supplements for humans and domestic animals. Methods to effectively produce vitamins in Euglena have been investigated.Previous biochemical studies indicated that E. gracilis Z contains several vitamin-related novel synthetic enzymes and metabolic pathways which suggests that it is a highly suitable organism for elucidating the physiological functions of vitamins in comparative biochemistry and biological evolution. E. gracilis Z has an unusual biosynthetic pathway for vitamin C, a hybrid of the pathways found in animals and plants. This chapter presents up-to-date information on the biochemistry and physiological functions of vitamins in this organism.

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Section: Production Of Vitamins By Euglena Cellssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry and Physiology of Vitamins in Euglena

Watanabe

Yoshimura

Shigeoka

2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…gracilis is capable of growing as a strict photoautotroph, a photoheterotroph or a strict heterotroph lacking differential chloroplasts (Osafune et al, 1990). Although antioxidant content in cells grown under photoautotrophic conditions is higher, biomass production under photoheterotrophic or heterotrophic conditions is higher (Shigeoka et al, 1980;Hosotani and Kitaoka, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mixed substrates on growth and vitamin production by Euglena gracilis

Afiukwa¹,

Ogbonna²

2007

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The effects of mixed carbon sources on growth and production of vitamins E and A by Euglena gracilis cells were investigated in batch culture. The cells were grown mixotrophically in glucose (G), ethanol (E) and a mixture of glucose and ethanol (EG). Cell growth was measured by counting the cell number with microscope, while vitamin concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Growth of the cells was found to be much better in the mixed carbon culture (EG) than in either glucose (G) or ethanol (E) alone. Significance difference was detected (P < 0.05) on cell growth and ranked as [EG] > [G] > [E]. The average cell density in the mixed carbon culture reached 2.34 ± 0.109 x 10 7 cells/ml after 7 days. It was about 1.63 ± 0.089 x 10 7 cells/ml in glucose and 0.70 ± 0.084 x 10 7 cells/ml in ethanol. The result also showed that ethanol alone was the best carbon source for production of the vitamins. The results indicated that the mixed carbon culture enhanced growth of the cells, but cellular contents of the antioxidant vitamins were low. Thus, the mixed substrate system has a high potential for large-scale production of Euglena biomass.

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“…One of the most striking features of Chlorella vulgaris is its high biomass production; its doubling time has been reported to be less than 20 h (Griffiths and Harrison, 2008). C. vulgaris grown heterotrophically has been shown to have higher productivity than photo-autotrophic cells (Hosotani and Kitaoka, 1984). The cultivation conditions not only affect the cell productivity, but also affect cell composition and yield of specific products (Imamoglu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of autotrophic and heterotrophic growth on some vitamins, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, amino acids and protein profile of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck

Khairy¹,

Ali²,

Dowidar³

2011

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Chemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck including content of some vitamins (A, E and C), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, amino acids and protein profile was assessed under autotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions as an indication of its nutritional value. Vitamin content (A, E and C) of heterotrophic cells increased by about 29, 52 and 20, respectively, as compared to its value for autotrophic cells. The free radical scavenging activity (RSA) was significantly higher for autotrophic cells than heterotrophic only at low concentrations (25 and 50 µl) of algal extract, but no significant difference was recorded at high concentration (100 µl). This result indicates non parallel relationship between the tested vitamins and RSA which suggest that other nonenzymatic antioxidants and/or antioxidant enzymes are involved. Concentration of essential and non essential amino acids in heterotrophic cells was double and 1.5 times, respectively its concentration in autotrophic cells. Histidine, lysine and phenylalanine constituted 77 and 44% of the total content of essential amino acids in heterotrophic and autotrophic cells, respectively. Methionine concentration was low in both types of cells. Proline content and non essential amino acid in heterotrophic cells was about 2.5 times its corresponding value in autotrophic cells. SDS-PAGE of protein extracts of autotrophic and heterotrophic C. vulgaris revealed two protein bands of molecular weight of ~75 and ~39 KDa. Higher intensity of the two bands was observed for autotrophic cells which may be associated with the effect of growth condition on the expression of regulatory genes. For valuable production of natural food supplement and/or natural pharmaceutical products, using heterotrophic cells rather than autotrophic cells for its richness in vitamins and essential amino acids is recommended.

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Determination of provitamin A in Euglena gracilis Z by high performance liquid chromatography and changes of the contents under various culture conditions.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemistry and Physiology of Vitamins in Euglena

Biochemistry and Physiology of Vitamins in Euglena

Effects of mixed substrates on growth and vitamin production by Euglena gracilis

Comparative effects of autotrophic and heterotrophic growth on some vitamins, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, amino acids and protein profile of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck

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