Determination of Postglacial Land Uplift in Fennoscandia from Leveling, Tide-gauges and Continuous GPS Stations using Least Squares Collocation

Vestøl, Olav

doi:10.1007/s00190-006-0063-7

Cited by 109 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Uncertainty in the determination of the station vertical velocity may be strongly dependent on the station and on the model assumed for the measurement noise. Vestøl (2006) indicated an accuracy of between ±0.4 mm year −1 and ±0.5 mm year…”

Section: Satellite Altimetry and Gps Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent Change—Sea Level and Wind Waves

Hünicke

Zorita

Soomere

et al. 2015

Regional Climate Studies

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This chapter describes observed changes in sea level and wind waves in the Baltic Sea basin over the past 200 years and the main climate drivers of this change. The datasets available for studying these are described in detail. Recent climate change and land uplift are causing changes in sea level. Relative sea level is falling by 8.2 mm year −1 in the Gulf of Bothnia and slightly rising in parts of the southern Baltic Sea. Absolute sea level (ASL) is rising by 1.3-1.8 mm year −1 , which is within the range of recent global estimates. The 30-year trends of

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Section: Satellite Altimetry and Gps Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent Change—Sea Level and Wind Waves

Hünicke

Zorita

Soomere

et al. 2015

Regional Climate Studies

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“…Firstly, a pattern of Earth uplift with highest rates (∼10 mm/year in Gulf of Bothnia) corresponding to areas of thickest ice during the last glacial period (∼21,000 years ago). Rates with lower, but still positive values, are shown for most of Norway (e.g., Vestøl 2006). Secondly, horizontal movements indicate a regional deformation characterized by an outward spreading from the centre of past maximum ice thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Results from the BIFROST network have been published regularly (e.g., Milne et al 2001;Johansson et al 2002;Lidberg et al 2007Lidberg et al , 2010 and include some Norwegian and North European stations. In a separate investigation, Vestøl (2006) presented a model of land uplift based on a collocation method. He used observations from leveling, tide gauges and GNSS data from Fennoscandia and the nearby areas of continental Europe [the GNSS velocities used in his analysis are the same as in Lidberg et al (2007)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuous velocity field for Norway

Kierulf

Ouassou

Simpson

et al. 2012

J Geod

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In Norway, as in the rest of Fennoscandia, the process of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment causes ongoing crustal deformation. The vertical and horizontal movements of the Earth can be measured to a high degree of precision using GNSS. The Norwegian GNSS network has gradually been established since the early 1990s and today contains approximately 140 stations. The stations are established both for navigation purposes and for studies of geophysical processes. Only a few of these stations have been analyzed previously. We present new velocity estimates for the Norwegian GNSS network using the processing package GAMIT. We examine the relation between time-series length and precision. With approximately 3.5 years of data, we are able to reproduce the secular vertical rate with a precision of 0.5 mm/year. To establish a continuous crustal velocity field in areas where we have no GNSS receivers or the observation period is too short to obtain reliable results, either interpolation or modeling is required. We experiment with both approaches in this analysis by using (i) a statistical interpolation method called Kriging and (ii) a GIA forward model. In addition, we examine how our vertical velocity field solution is affected by the inclusion of data from repeated leveling. Results from our geophysical model give better estimates on the edge of the network, but inside the network the statistical interpolation method performs better. In general, we find that if we have less than 3.5 years of data for a GNSS station, the

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“…It shows a trend of 2.9 ± 0.3 mm/year for 1960 to 2010 (after correcting for VLM). There are also other investigations that have included data from the Norwegian tide gauges in wider regional analyses (e.g., [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]). We briefly summarize the findings from some of these studies here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We briefly summarize the findings from some of these studies here. [9] finds averaged regional sea-level change over Fennoscandia of 1.32 mm/year (corrected for VLM) for 1891 to 1990. [11] analyze sea-level trends from the Norwegian tide gauges for 1950 to 2009, and find markedly lower rates than reported by [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed Sea-Level Changes along the Norwegian Coast

Breili

Simpson

Nilsen

2017

JMSE

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Norway's national sea level observing system consists of an extensive array of tide gauges, permanent GNSS stations, and lines of repeated levelling. Here, we make use of this observation system to calculate relative sea-level rates and rates corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) along the Norwegian coast for three different periods, i.e., 1960 to 2010, 1984 to 2014, and 1993 to 2016. For all periods, the relative sea-level rates show considerable spatial variations that are largely due to differences in vertical land motion due to GIA. The variation is reduced by applying corrections for vertical land motion and associated gravitational effects on sea level. For 1960 to 2010 and 1984 to 2014, the coastal average GIA-corrected rates for Norway are 2.0 ± 0.6 mm/year and 2.2 ± 0.6 mm/year, respectively. This is close to the rate of global sea-level rise for the same periods. For the most recent period, 1993 to 2016, the GIA-corrected coastal average is 3.5 ± 0.6 mm/year and 3.2 ± 0.6 mm/year with and without inverse barometer (IB) corrections, respectively, which is significantly higher than for the two earlier periods. For 1993 to 2016, the coastal average IB-corrected rates show broad agreement with two independent sets of altimetry. This suggests that there is no systematic error in the vertical land motion corrections applied to the tide-gauge data. At the same time, altimetry does not capture the spatial variation identified in the tide-gauge records. This could be an effect of using altimetry observations off the coast instead of directly at each tide gauge. Finally, we note that, owing to natural variability in the climate system, our estimates are highly sensitive to the selected study period. For example, using a 30-year moving window, we find that the estimated rates may change by up to 1 mm/year when shifting the start epoch by only one year.

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Determination of Postglacial Land Uplift in Fennoscandia from Leveling, Tide-gauges and Continuous GPS Stations using Least Squares Collocation

Cited by 109 publications

References 6 publications

Recent Change—Sea Level and Wind Waves

Recent Change—Sea Level and Wind Waves

A continuous velocity field for Norway

Observed Sea-Level Changes along the Norwegian Coast

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