Determination of Polyphenolic Profile of Apple Pomace (Malus domestica Golden Delicious Variety) by HPLC–MS

Abstract

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is an appreciated source of polyphenols. Phenolic compounds are known as natural antioxidants and have a wide range of applications in different industries. Apple pomace has the potential of being an alternative source of polyphenols. To determine the polyphenolic profile of apple pomace, samples from the skin at two different stages of ripening were extracted with 80−20% EtOH−water/acetic acid 5% (S1) and 20−80% EtOH−water/acetic acid 5% (S2) in order to determine the solvent system. Ripe skins extracted with S1 showed a higher total polyphenol content or TPC (1.21 g of polyphenols per 100 g of fresh weight (FW)) than unripe apple skin, being the most effective system tested and a mean degree of polymerization of 2.47. Commercial apple pomace was extracted with S1, resulting in a TPC of 0.5615 ± 0.007 g of polyphenols per 100 g of FW. Meanwhile, the RP-HPLC-MS analysis led to the tentative identification of several polyphenolic compounds.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants in Apple Pomace (var. Belorusskoje malinovoje) Using Response Surface Methodology: Scope and Opportunity to Develop as a Potential Feed Supplement or Feed Ingredient

“…Extraction optimization of antioxidants has been carried out on apple pomace before [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. While previous studies have investigated antioxidant extraction from apple pomace using different technologies, solvents, and apple cultivars, numerous additional parameters and their corresponding values remain that could potentially impact the extraction process and warrant further exploration.…”

“…Further study on the valorization of apple pomace in livestock feed production presents an opportunity to reduce fruit waste and benefit animal health. A comprehensive study with a wide range of analyses involving chemical composition and bioactive compounds for apple pomace felt necessary as the information on this has been scattered among several articles [7,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49]51,[57][58][59][60][61]. The main objective of the present research was to optimize the extraction yield of antioxidant compounds from a local variety of apple by-products, which previously exhibited promising antioxidant activity, using response surface methodology (RSM) to assess the impact of different extraction parameters.…”