Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Filter Tar by Means of Hollow-Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction-HPLC-Uv System

Demirci, Ayla; Alver, Erol

doi:10.1080/10826076.2012.673203

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Endo et al (2000) analyzed seven PAHs (including benzo[a]pyrene) collected on filters, which were extracted with ethanol/benzene and analyzed on HPLC. Demirci and Alver (2013) analyzed PAHs using hollow, fiber-liquid-phase microextraction and HPLC-UV. Lodovici et al (2004) measured PAHs in mainstream and sidestream smoke from 14 commercial brands of cigarettes using HPLC.…”

Section: Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Airborne Emissions from Cigarette Butts: Literature Review and Experimental Plan

Poppendieck¹,

Khurshid²,

Emmerich³

2016

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Under an interagency agreement with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather and analyze existing research related to airborne emissions from non-smoldering cigarette butts. Based on the results from the literature review, an experimental plan was developed to measure the airborne emissions from non-smoldering cigarette butts. The literature review found that: 1) Non-smoldering cigarette butts can contain many of the same chemicals found in mainstream and sidestream smoke, and they are a potential source of these chemicals in both indoor and outdoor environments; 2) A number of studies have investigated the chemicals found in cigarette butts and chemicals leached? from cigarette butts into water. However, there are very limited data on the emissions from cigarette butts into air; 3) The emission rates from cigarette butts into air may be minimal for some heavy chemicals (e.g., metals, tobacco-specific nitrosamines), but may be significant for more volatile chemicals (e.g., nicotine, pyridine, benzene); 4) The airborne emissions of cigarette butts may be influenced by the cigarette brand, filter material, butt length, environmental temperature, airflow around the cigarette, number of puffs during smoking, degradation of the butt, and smoking method; 5) Much more data are needed on the airborne emission rates under different conditions. Based on the information from the literature review, the proposed experimental plan aims to fill the data gaps by using a screening tool (e.g. headspace analysis) to examine the airborne emission from non-smoldering cigarette butts under various environmental conditions. Steps in the proposed investigation include development of headspace analysis methods, selection of cigarette brand, determination of butt length, generation of cigarette butts, and determination of the target compounds. The proposed experiments will be conducted under four exposure environments, including small chamber, large chamber (to mimic indoor conditions), Simulation Photo-degradation via High Energy Radiation Emission chamber (SPHERE), with ultra violet radiation to simulate accelerated aging in outdoor environments, and outdoor rooftop (to represent aging in an outdoor environment).

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Section: Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Airborne Emissions from Cigarette Butts: Literature Review and Experimental Plan

Poppendieck¹,

Khurshid²,

Emmerich³

2016

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“…More recently, microextraction techniques have emerged as novel sample preparation technique in matrices such as food [13][14][15][16] . The commonly used microextraction techniques involve solid-phase microextraction (SPME) 5,6,17 , liquid-phase micro-extraction (LPME) [18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Combined with GC-ECD for Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Orange Juice

Demirci¹,

Gevrek²

2014

Asian J. Chem.

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The hollow fiber protected liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) technique was evaluated for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides in orange juice prior to gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) analysis. At first, the effects of the HF-LPME experimental parameters on the enrichment factor were studied simultaneously using a 2 5-1 fractional factorial design. The HF-LPME variables of interest were extraction time, stirring speed, acceptor phase, salt (NaCl, w/v %) and pH. In the next step, a two-level plus centre point fractional factorial experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of three parameters, including the extraction time, stirring speed and pH of donor phase. The optimized HF-LPME conditions were as follows: an extraction time of 20 min, a stirring speed of 800 rpm, an acceptor phase of toluene, no salt and a source pH of 6. The extraction calibration plots were linear over the range of 0.25-10 ng mL -1 (r 2 : 0.9863-0.9995) and the limits of detection for ten pesticides studied were from 0.012 to 0.456 ng mL -1 . Good enrichment factors were achieved (66-251-fold) with this method and good repeatabilities were obtained, with relative standard deviations below 19.9 %.

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“…Since the smokers inhale the smoke into their body, most of the research focus on smoke analysis 1 . However, the filter (butt) is continuously in touch with the smoker's lips and consequently they have the chance that some hazardous compounds present in filter tar 2,3 , for instance benzo(a)pyrene [4][5][6][7] may enter into the body. That means, filter residue analyses deserves equal attention as smoke analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Classification of Cigarettes Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatograms of Cigarette Filter Tar as Fingerprint

Demirci¹,

Ekiz²

2013

Asian J. Chem.

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In this work, we have showed that a liquid chromatogram can be used as finger print to characterize and classify cigarettes. A liquid chromatographic (high pressure liquid chromatography) procedure was first developed to obtain chromatograms of different cigarettes. The cellulose filter of a smoked cigarette was first dissolved in 5 mL acetonitrile. Then the organics were partitioned into the n-hexane phase. After concentrating the n-hexane phase to 100 µL, 5 µL was injected to a high pressure liquid chromatography. The chromatograms were obtained using a C18 reversed phase column. The mobile phase was 80 % acetonitrile/water with 1 mL min-1. The detector was UV spectrometer working at 254 nm. For the evaluation the chromatograms as fingerprints, five peaks were chosen randomly. The heights of the corresponding peaks were used for the statistical evaluation which was based on the discriminate analysis for classifying problems introduced by Anderson. To achieve this, a Matlab computer program was developed. The proposed method can be performed in a relatively short time.

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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Filter Tar by Means of Hollow-Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction-HPLC-Uv System

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Measuring Airborne Emissions from Cigarette Butts: Literature Review and Experimental Plan

Measuring Airborne Emissions from Cigarette Butts: Literature Review and Experimental Plan

Optimization of Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Combined with GC-ECD for Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Orange Juice

Statistical Classification of Cigarettes Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatograms of Cigarette Filter Tar as Fingerprint

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