Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using lab on valve dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to high performance chromatography

Fernández, M.; Clavijo, Sabrina; Forteza, R.; Cerdà, Vı́ctor

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.007

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The use of salts in the aqueous phase to improve the extraction of organic compounds (“salting‐out” effect) in LLE experiments is a common practice. However, when the extraction solvent is an IL, the addition of salts may have an counterproductive effect since the electrostatic interactions between the salt ions and the IL ions could enhance its solubility in the aqueous phase and, thus, decrease the extraction yield .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using a lighter-than-water ionic liquid for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Medina

Reta

2016

J. Sep. Science

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A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using a lighter-than-water phosphonium-based ionic liquid for the extraction of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples has been developed. The extracted compounds were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence/diode array detectors. The effects of several experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency, such as type and volume of ionic liquid and disperser solvent, type and concentration of salt in the aqueous phase and extraction time, were investigated and optimized. Three phosphonium-based ionic liquids were assayed, obtaining larger extraction efficiencies when trihexyl-(tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide was used. The optimized methodology requires a few microliters of a lighter-than-water phosphonium-based ionic liquid, which allows an easy separation of the extraction solvent phase. The obtained limits of detection were between 0.02 and 0.56 μg/L, enrichment factors between 109 and 228, recoveries between 60 and 108%, trueness between 0.4 and 9.9% and reproducibility values between 3 and 12% were obtained. These figures of merit combined with the simplicity, rapidity and low cost of the analytical methodology indicate that this is a viable and convenient alternative to the methods reported in the literature. The developed method was used to analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river water samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fernández et al have determined 15 PAHs in tap water, rain waters, and river surface waters samples by an automated DLLME‐FLD–HPLC procedure using a system of multisyringe FIA. They have used trichloroethylene as the extraction solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using a lighter-than-water ionic liquid for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Medina

Reta

2016

J. Sep. Science

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“…, has been successfully applied to extract PAHs in aqueous samples , sediment , and grilled meat . In DLLME, acetonitrile was frequently used as the dispersant . In this study, to distinguish the advantages of the proposed SUSME, a DLLME method was conducted, using acetonitrile to replace THF during the extraction process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using phase‐transfer‐catalyst‐assisted saponification and supramolecular solvent microextraction coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection

Wang

Liu

Shi

et al. 2016

J of Separation Science

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For the analysis of edible oils, saponification is well known as a useful method for eliminating oil matrices. The conventional approach is conducted with alcoholic alkali; it consumes a large volume of organic solvents and impedes the retrieval of analytes by microextraction. In this study, a low-organic-solvent-consuming method has been developed for the analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Sample treatment involves aqueous alkaline saponification, assisted by a phase-transfer catalyst, and selective in situ extraction of the analyte with a supramolecular solvent. Comparison of the chromatograms of the oil extracts obtained by different microextraction methods showed that the supramolecular solvent has a better clean-up effect for the unsaponifiable matter from oil matrices. The method offered excellent linearity over a range of 0.03- 5.0 ng mL (r > 0.999). Recovery rates varied from 94 to 102% (RSDs <5.0%). The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.06 and 0.19 μg kg , respectively. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of 52 edible oils collected online in China; the analyte contents of 23 tested oil samples exceeded the maximum limit of 2 μg kg for benzo[a]pyrene set by the Commission Regulation of the European Union.

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“…Finally, Fernandez et al [172] developed a lab on valve DLLME method for the extraction of PAHs, prior to their determination by HPLC-FLD. For this purpose, trichloroethylene was used as the extraction solvent, and acetonitrile was used as the dispersive solvent.…”

Section: Liquid-phase Microextraction Of Pahs From Environmental Matrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples

Manousi

Zachariadis

2020

Molecules

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of chemical compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs exhibit hydrophobicity and low water solubility, while some of their members are toxic substances resistant to degradation. Due to their low levels in environmental matrices, a preconcentration step is usually required for their determination. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of sample preparation techniques, including micro-extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction) and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction etc.). Compared to the conventional sample preparation techniques, these novel techniques show some benefits, including reduced organic solvent consumption, while they are time and cost efficient. A plethora of adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials and molecularly imprinted polymers, have been successfully coupled with a wide variety of extraction techniques. This review focuses on the recent advances in the extraction techniques of PAHs from environmental matrices, utilizing novel sample preparation approaches and adsorbents.

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Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using lab on valve dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to high performance chromatography

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using a lighter-than-water ionic liquid for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using a lighter-than-water ionic liquid for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using phase‐transfer‐catalyst‐assisted saponification and supramolecular solvent microextraction coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection

Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples

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