Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in biosolids using continuous ultrasound-assisted pressurized solvent extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Determinação de bifenilos policlorados em milho através de extração em fase sólida seguida de cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas

“…Tais resultados se encontram de acordo com os obtidos anteriormente por outros autores, que utilizaram métodos semelhantes ao do presente estudo. 23,24 Foram realizados testes para a limpeza da amostra utilizando diferentes solventes, eluídos em colunas de extração em fase sólida constituídas de Florisil. Para a análise de alimentos, existem no comércio diversos tipos de sorventes, porém, o material mais empregado é a sílica, por ser reativo o suficiente para permitir a modificação de sua superfície por meio de reações químicas, além de ser suficientemente estável para utilização em uma vasta gama de soluções.…”

Intensification of bioactive compounds extraction from medicinal plants using ultrasonic irradiation

“…However, it is important to point that the extraction time is decreased from 20 h to <1 h and the organic solvent used in the extraction procedure can be decreased to <5% of its initial value. In other work,[41] to extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls from biosolids, the recovery of the PLE method was 73%, which was significantly improved (103%) when PLE was assisted with 30 min of ultrasound.…”

“…[4041] In the first work,[40] the authors observed that when the PLE was assisted by ultrasound, the extraction time can be reduced from 20 to 10 min obtaining quantitative recoveries of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils. When UAPLE was compared with Soxhlet extraction, the results provided were statistically lower than those obtained by the conventional method.…”

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in both products and by-products of a mussel shell incinerator facility

“…Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) (Errekatxo et al 2008;Rocco et al 2008), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE; Hu et al 2009), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE; Song et al 2002), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE; Antunes et al 2009) have recently been used to circumvent the shortcomings of classical extraction methods for this purpose.…”