Determination of Physicochemical Parameters and Levels of Heavy Metals in Food Waste Water with Environmental Effects

Abstract

Bioinorganic chemistry is found as a sizzling field in today’s era. It deals with chemistry amongst the heavy metals with natural resources, i.e., air, soil, water, plant byproducts (foods), and environmental essences. The aim of this research is to determine the concentration of heavy metals present in the food waste water sample and to study the environmental effects of metal ion concentration. To conduct the research work, the physicochemical parameters and levels of five heavy metals of food waste water samples were collected from five sampling points of renowned hotels, restaurants, canteens, and confectionaries of a state of India and assessed using the standard analytical procedure. Sampling was carried out from January 2017 up to December 2017. The physicochemical parameters were determined such as pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total alkalinity, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate. The heavy metal concentration was determined by using the UV-spectrophotometer, and the results were compared with the standards prescribed by the WHO, BIS, ICMR, and municipal authorities. The results obtained in the physicochemical analysis revealed that a few parameters were found beyond limits, and the metal ion concentration (iron and zinc) results were found above the permissible limits set by the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board), ICMR, BIS, and World Health Organization (WHO), most especially, effluent from point P1. It was concluded that all the effluents required further treatment before releasing them into the water body or land to prevent pollution. The obtained results reveal that waste water used for irrigation and farming of nearby areas and water drained from restaurant kitchens were considerably polluted and not suitable for aquatic organisms, irrigation, and agricultural purposes.

Heavy metals tolerance in bacteria from industrial wastewater

“…Fertilizers such as urea are used in the treatment of wastewater and could impact on the nitrate levels of the wastewater [25]. Ma et al [26] posited that nitrate is an indirect source of food for fish. Meaning, fish can consume some of the nitrate in their aquatic environment, leaving only few in the wastewater from fish ponds.…”

“…Akharame et al [25] averred that phosphate-based cleaning agents for industrial sanitation impact on the phosphate level of wastewater from industries using them. High phosphate levels impinge on wastewater treatment [26].…”

Calculation of Quality Indices and Correlation Factors at Some Effluents Entry Points of the Mansagar Lake, Jaipur

“…The standard values for common heavy metal constituents in lake water are listed in the table 3. This table is prepared with the report released by WHO and BIS in past [14][15], [19][20][21][22]. The values for some parameters may vary in accordance to the intended use of the water such as for drinking and irrigation purposes, aquatic life and as per the level of the water:…”

Sustainable Business Strategies for Fast-Food Restaurant Growth: Fast-Food Restaurant Managers’ Perspectives in Lake Region Economic Block, Kenya

“…Fast-food restaurants are currently competing with other food outlets such as supermarkets (Kuokkanen et al, 2019), and with the belief that they cannot be sustainable due to the disposal nature of food and beverage containers (Hutchinson, Singh, & Walker, 2012), they have increased profits in the short term at the expense of the environment and society. However, with growing health concerns about fast-food restaurant products, increased environmental protection awareness, and more sophisticated customer needs, some of these fast-food restaurants are struggling to survive in the market (Duman et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2020;Mumbua, 2016;Thiemann & Roman-Alcalá, 2019).…”