Determination of phthalate esters in soil using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method followed by GC–MS

Liu, Qianjun; Chen, Di; Wu, Jiyuan; Yin, Geping; Lin, Qintie; Zhang, Min; Hu, Huawen

doi:10.1002/jssc.201701126

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…DEP has been previously identified as a constituent in particulate phase mainstream tobacco smoke . Additionally, DEP has been found in environmental matrices such as soil, surface water, and house dust. − It is listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as a priority substance with endocrine disrupting action . DEP was found to be a weak AhR activator in H4IIE-luc rat hepatoma cells .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Toxicity andin VitroBioactivity of Smoked Cigarette Leachate Using Cell-Based Assays and Chemical Analysis

Richardot

et al. 2019

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Smoked cigarettes are the most prevalent form of litter worldwide, often finding their way into oceans and inland waterways. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 individual chemicals, some of them carcinogenic or otherwise toxic. We examined the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), and p53 response pathways of smoked cigarette leachate in vitro. Both seawater and freshwater leachates of smoked cigarettes were tested. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were negligible at 100 smoked cigarettes/L, while statistically significant AhR, ER, and p53 responses were observed in the extracts of both leachates, suggesting a potential risk to human health through exposure to cigarette litter in the environment. To identify responsible chemicals for the AhR response, an effect directed analysis approach was coupled with nontargeted chemical analysis based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOF-MS). Eleven compounds potentially responsible for the AhR response were identified. Among them, 2-methylindole was partially responsible for the AhR response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Toxicity andin VitroBioactivity of Smoked Cigarette Leachate Using Cell-Based Assays and Chemical Analysis

Richardot

et al. 2019

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…The results presented in Table 2 indicate that the nanocomposite applied in the direct SPME-GC method has comparable analytical performance and extraction time and better extraction recovery in compared with other similar papers [ [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“… Item Parameter Present work Ref. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ] [ 43 ] [ 44 ] Matrix Injection solution Waste water Bottled water Blood-seawater Meat Soil Human urine ET (min) 40 60 60 20 30 – – Recovery (%) ≥96 ≥95 – ≥74 ≥95 ≥70 ≥74 Compound BPA LR (ng/mL) 0.05–50 0.15–5 – 2.0–100 – 1.0–50 – LOD (ng/mL) 0.01 0.05 – 0.096 – 0.13 – RSD (%) 4.3(0.1) 4.2(0.5) – 5.0 – 3.0 – …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of polypyrrole/nanosilica composite for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenol and phthalates migrated from containers to eye drops and injection solutions

Dogaheh

Behzadi

2019

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis

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This paper describes the electrodeposition of polyphosphate-doped polypyrrole/nanosilica nanocomposite coating on steel wire for direct solid-phase microextraction of bisphenol A and five phthalates. We optimized influencing parameters on the extraction efficiency and morphology of the nanocomposite such as deposition potential, concentration of pyrrole and polyphosphate, deposition time and the nanosilica amount. Under the optimized conditions, characterization of the nanocomposite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Also, the factors related to the solid-phase microextraction method including desorption temperature and time, extraction temperature and time, ionic strength and pH were studied in detail. Subsequently, the proposed method was validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry by thermal desorption and acceptable figures of merit were obtained. The linearity of the calibration curves was between 0.01 and 50 ng/mL with acceptable correlation coefficients (0.9956–0.9987) and limits of detection were in the range 0.002–0.01 ng/mL. Relative standard deviations in terms of intra-day and inter-day by five replicate analyses from aqueous solutions containing 0.1 ng/mL of target analytes were in the range 3.3%–5.4% and 5%–7.1%, respectively. Fiber-to-fiber reproducibilities were measured for three different fibers prepared in the same conditions and the results were between 7.3% and 9.8%. Also, extraction recoveries at two different concentrations were ≥96%. Finally, the suitability of the proposed method was demonstrated through its application to the analysis of some eye drops and injection solutions.

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“…This methodology has also the advantage of generating potentially high recoveries and low detection limits [27]. It has already been employed to extract other compounds, especially pesticides, from soils and it is easy to adapt and optimize [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified dispersive solid‐phase extraction and cleanup followed by GC‐MS/MS analysis to quantify ultraviolet filters and synthetic musk compounds in soil samples

Ramos

Homem

Santos

2021

J of Separation Science

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A simple method for the analysis of 13 synthetic musk compounds and six ultraviolet filters in soil samples was developed using a modified dispersive solid‐phase methodology known as “Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe,” followed by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The methodology was validated by assessing linearity ranges, detection limits, precision, and accuracy. The method detection limit ranged between 0.01 and 10.00 ng/g dry weight and accuracy from 81 to 122%. A good precision was achieved, with relative standard deviation <10%. The applicability of the methodology was tested using different types of soils. Both synthetic musks and ultraviolet filters were detected in all soil samples. The most frequently detected compounds were benzophenone, octocrylene, 2‐ethylhexyl 4‐dimethylaminobenzoate, 2‐ethylhexyl 4–methoxycinnamate, and galaxolide. Higher levels were detected for benzophenone (maximum value of 158 ng/g dry weight) and octocrylene (137 ng/g dry weight). In comparison with conventional techniques, this method uses lower amounts of solvents and sorbents, producing less waste (“greener” technique) and comparable performances. In addition, it presents as main advantages the simplicity, speed (short extraction/cleaning time), low cost, and minimum handling of extracts, which can minimize the possibility of samples cross‐contamination.

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Determination of phthalate esters in soil using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method followed by GC–MS

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Assessing Toxicity andin VitroBioactivity of Smoked Cigarette Leachate Using Cell-Based Assays and Chemical Analysis

Assessing Toxicity andin VitroBioactivity of Smoked Cigarette Leachate Using Cell-Based Assays and Chemical Analysis

Preparation of polypyrrole/nanosilica composite for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenol and phthalates migrated from containers to eye drops and injection solutions

Modified dispersive solid‐phase extraction and cleanup followed by GC‐MS/MS analysis to quantify ultraviolet filters and synthetic musk compounds in soil samples

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