Determination of phthalate esters in bottled water using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with GC–MS

Abstract

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was developed for the determination of the amount of phthalate esters in bottled drinking water samples and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction samples were analyzed by GC-MS. Various experimental conditions influencing the extraction were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, very good linearity was observed for all analytes in a range between 0.05 and 150 μg/L with coefficient of determination (R²) between 0.995 and 0.999. The LODs based on S/N = 3 were 0.005-0.22 μg/L. The reproducibility of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was evaluated. The RSDs were 1.3-5.2% (n = 3). The concentrations of phthalates were determined in bottled samples available in half shell. To understand the leaching profile of these phthalates from bottled water, bottles were exposed to direct sunlight during summer (temperature from 34-57°C) and sampled at different intervals. Result showed that the proposed dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is suitable for rapid determination of phthalates in bottled water and di-n-butyl, butyl benzyl, and bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate compounds leaching from bottles up to 36 h. Thereafter, degradation of phthalates was observed.

Stir-bar supported micro-solid-phase extraction for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in serum samples

“…This might be attributed to increased viscosity of the solution which may hinder mass transfer of target compounds from donor to acceptor phase. Such observations are also very common in microextraction methods [31,32]. Because there were no significant enhancements in peak areas of target analytes, thus for the simplicity of sample preparation, no salt was added into the sample solution.…”

Determination of Phthalate Esters in Textiles by Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

“…Phthalate esters are widely used as plasticizers in toys, plastics, medicine, cosmetics, textiles, food, and food containers to improve flexibility (Guo and Kannan 2012;Özer and Güçer 2012;Mousa, Basheer, and Al-Arfaj 2013). However, phthalate esters may penetrate into air, soil, water, and food (Balafas, Shaw, and Whitfield 1999).…”

A Research for Reduction the Pollution in the Pretreatmentprocess of PAEs Inhuman Serum

“…PAEs are widely used in rubber and plastic to enhance the flexibility [1] and can be found in building materials, medical devices, manufacture of plastics, cosmetics and children's toys [2]. PAEs can be absorbed through the skin and harmful to human health as endocrine disrupter [3][4].…”