Determination of Phosphorus and Sulfur in Fuel Rich Air–Hydrogen Flames

Abstract

Excitation conditions for the green HPO bands, the uv PO bands, and the violet S(2) bands were explored. A cylindrical glass shield placed around the tip of a Beckman (sprayer) burner provided a simple arrangement to isolate a fuel rich environment of a reversed air-hydrogen flame. Samples were converted to aerosol in a separate nebulization chamber. The HPO band at 5262 A gave a detection limit of 6 microg/ml; the S(2) band, 5 microg/ml. Owing to low flame noise, both detection limits could be improved with interference filters in place of the Beckman small quartz monochromator. The PO bands are emitted best from fuel rich oxygen-acetylene flames with the normal Beckman sprayer burner. The significant aspect of this study lies in the introduction of liquid samples and circumvention of lengthy, and often uncertain, decomposition steps when handling many types of organic and biochemical compounds containing phosphorus and sulfur.

Spectral examination of a multiple-flame photometric detector for use in chromatography

“…This series of emission bands and their respective intensities matches very well with that assigned to HPO* in hydrogen flame systems 29 and is consistent with the emission properties of phosphorus found previously in conventional FPD experiments. 28,30 Therefore, since no other significant bands were observed, phosphorus response in the mFPD appears to stem from HPO* emission.…”

Determination of sulfide by evolution of hydrogen sulfide and absorption spectrometry in the gas phase

“…These methods have been reviewed (1, 2). Direct methods include the measurement of S2 emission bands excited in cool flames (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), the measurement of S02 absorption (9) and emission (10) bands from the flame, and the measurement of the weak near-UV sulfur absorption lines measured in a separated N20-C2H2 flame (11,12) or in a heated graphite furnace (13) using a vacuum monochromator.…”

Flame photometry of phosphorus vaporized from a silica-treated graphite furnace

“…This emission is routinely used to selectively detect phosphorus-containing compounds separated by gas chromatography (1, 2). However, because the temperature for efficient POH emission is only a few hundred degrees, poor sensitivity and severe chemical interferences are observed when this emission is used for direct analysis of liquid samples (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). As a result, chemical pretreatment is required to separate out interfering substances.…”