Determination of pesticide residues in IPM and non-IPM samples of mango (Mangifera indica)

Abstract

Studies were conducted to analyze the residue of commonly used pesticides viz. methyl parathion, chloropyrifos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, carbendazim, imidacloprid and carbaryl in mango, Dashehari variety, integrated pest management (IPM) and non-IPM samples were collected from the IPM and non-IPM orchards, Lucknow, India. We also present a method for the simultaneous determination of these pesticides in mango samples. Residues of methyl parathion, chloropyriphos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate were extracted from the samples with acetone: cyclohexane: ethyl acetate in the ratio 2:1:1 followed by cleanup using neutral alumina. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) with a megabore column (OV-1). Residues of carbendazim, imidacloprid and carbaryl were extracted with acetone and after cleanup, analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using photo diode array (PDA) detector. Recoveries of all the pesticides ranged between 72.7-110.6%, at 0.1 and 1.0 microg g(-1) level of fortification. The residues detected in non-IPM samples of mango were found to be below the prescribed limits of maximum residue limit (MRL) while IPM samples were free from pesticide residues.

Determination of Pesticide Residues in Integrated Pest Management and Nonintegrated Pest Management Samples of Apple (Malus pumilaMill.)

“…In our earlier studies, it was found that acetone and acetonitrile extracted a large amount of undesirable polar coextractives, and recoveries were around 70-78% for GC compatible pesticides (19). A modified extraction was standardized (acetone:cyclohexane:ethyl acetate in the ratio 2:1:1) to analyze the IPM and non-IPM mango samples, and good recovery was obtained (20). The same method was tried for six pesticides in the case of apple samples, and no interfering peaks were found in the fortified samples (Figure 1).…”

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Strawberries from Integrated Pest Management and Organic Farming

“…Integrated pest management (IPM) has been adopted to maximize crop yield while maintaining a quality environment with regard to pesticide contamination, solving ecological problems and contributing to the sustainability of agriculture. 1 These preventive practices were preceded by other actions. For instance, OCP have been banned since the 1970s because they are extremely persistent in the environment and due to their ability to accumulate in sediments, plants, and animals.…”

“…Despite the usefulness of pesticides in agricultural practices, there are concerns about their excessive use and their presence and levels in the environment and foodstuffs. Integrated pest management (IPM) has been adopted to maximize crop yield while maintaining a quality environment with regard to pesticide contamination, solving ecological problems and contributing to the sustainability of agriculture . These preventive practices were preceded by other actions.…”

Determination of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues and their variability in large size fruit crops

“…This vitamin helps to improve immunity and to protect common infections and pathogens 2 . However, due to high temperature and high humidity in the tropical region mango is infested by more than 492 species of insects, 17 species of mites and 26 species of nematodes 3 …”