Determination of perfluorocarboxylic acids in aqueous matrices by ion-pair solid-phase microextraction–in-port derivatization–gas chromatography–negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Alzaga, Roberto; Bayona, Josep M.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.015

Cited by 98 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Untreated fluorochemicals may thus enter the environment via wastewater effluent, septic discharge or application of sludge to agricultural lands. Occurrence of fluorochemicals was reported in the effluents of six U.S. cities (28), in two European urban effluents (29), and in the influent and effluent of one Iowa City wastewater treatment plant (30). Fluorochemicals were also observed in ten wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and final effluents and, despite similar treatment processes, there were no systematic decreases or increases for the compounds studied in the ten WWTPs (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility

Schultz

Higgins

Huset

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

378

241

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Fluorochemicals have widespread applications and are released into municipal wastewater treatment plants via domestic wastewater. A field study was conducted at a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant to determine the mass flows of selected fluorochemicals. Flow-proportional, 24-h samples of raw influent, primary effluent, trickling filter effluent, secondary effluent, and final effluent and grab samples of primary, thickened, activated, and anaerobically-digested sludge were collected over ten days and analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Significant decreases in the mass flows of perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorodecanoate occurred during trickling filtration and primary clarification, while activated sludge treatment decreased the mass flow of perfluorohexanoate. Mass flows of the 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate were unchanged as a result of wastewater treatment, which indicates that conventional wastewater treatment is not effective for removal of these compounds. A net increase in the mass flows for perfluorooctane and perfluorodecane sulfonates occurred from trickling filtration and activated sludge treatment. Mass flows for perfluoroalkylsulfonamides and perfluorononanoate also increased during activated sludge treatment and are attributed to degradation of precursor molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluorochemicals are used in consumer products (27) and, as a result, are found in municipal wastewater (28)(29)(30)(31)(32) and sludge (21). Untreated fluorochemicals may thus enter the environment via wastewater effluent, septic discharge or application of sludge to agricultural lands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility

Schultz

Higgins

Huset

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

378

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Reliable methods of extraction, separation and identification in complex matrixes are necessary. 18 or with derivatization the GC MS 19 and the GC ECD 20 are commonly used in the environmental and biological samples. The ion chromatography with conductimetric detection for the separation PFCAs having C3-8 has been also proposed 8 with the LODs in range 0.12 -0.66 mg L -1 , while with the SPE determination of 50 µg L -1 was possible.…”

Section: Experimental Analytical Methods For Determination Of Pfcasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Such determinations can be carried out directly e.g. by the use of 19 F NMR, 21 but most commonly they are carried out by release of fluorine from organic compounds and analytical determination of fluoride ion. Release of fluorine can be achieved with different methods, including the combustion with oxygen in the furnace at 900-1000 °C, 10 or by the reaction with sodium biphenyl, which was employed also in our earlier works on flow-injection methods for TOF determination.…”

Section: Determination Of Total Organic Fluorinementioning

confidence: 99%

New Analytical Methods Developed for Determination of Perfluorinated Surfactants in Waters and Wastes

Trojanowicz¹,

Wójcik²,

Musijowski³

et al. 2011

Croat. Chem. Acta

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Abstract. Perfluorinated organic compounds have been recognized in recent years as globally distributed persistent organic pollutants of an entirely anthropogenic origin, but present already even in the most remote places of the globe, including organisms of wild fauna. Numerous studies have also shown that they are contained in human organisms all over the world. In this work a special attention is given to perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), widely used in various areas of modern life. New methods developed for their determination using the HPLC with fluorescence detection and capillary electrophoretic methods are discussed, as well as the new method for the determination of total organic fluorine

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“…Without derivatization the GC was employed with chemical ionization in the determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursors and fluorotelomer alcohols, 17 while with electron impact ionization in the determination of 8:2 telomer alcohol in animal plasma and tissues. 18 Then with an appropriate derivatization and chemical ionization the GC/MS was used in the determination of PFCAs in aqueous matrices, 19 and sediments, 20 and also in isolating isomers of perfluorocarboxylates in polar bears. 21 Recently in our research group we have developed a HPLC method as mentioned above for the determination of TOF, based on the transformation of fluoride into TPSiF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Gas Chromatography to Determination of Total Organic Fluorine after Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid as a Model Compound

Koc¹,

Donten²,

Musijowski³

et al. 2011

Croat. Chem. Acta

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Abstract. Because of the global presence of anthropogenic perfluorinated organic compounds in the environment, foods and living organisms, and their large structural variety, it can be helpful to develop a method for determination of their total content at trace level in different matrices. In the developed method, the defluorination was carried with sodium biphenyl, derivatization of released fluoride to triphenylfluorosilane and determination by gas chromatography. Three detection methods were compared: flameionization detection, electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. Among them the MS detection was found to be the most favorable one in terms of the instrumental limit of detection (LOD) , whereas the flame-ionization detection was considered to be the most favorable in terms of the method limit of detection (MDL). For the initial sample volume of 1 L and performing the whole procedure of determination, including preconcentration, the MDL value for perfluorooctanoic acid was evaluated as 0.043 ppb.

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Determination of perfluorocarboxylic acids in aqueous matrices by ion-pair solid-phase microextraction–in-port derivatization–gas chromatography–negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility

Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility

New Analytical Methods Developed for Determination of Perfluorinated Surfactants in Waters and Wastes

Application of Gas Chromatography to Determination of Total Organic Fluorine after Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid as a Model Compound

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