2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.015
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Determination of perfluorocarboxylic acids in aqueous matrices by ion-pair solid-phase microextraction–in-port derivatization–gas chromatography–negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

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Cited by 98 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…Untreated fluorochemicals may thus enter the environment via wastewater effluent, septic discharge or application of sludge to agricultural lands. Occurrence of fluorochemicals was reported in the effluents of six U.S. cities (28), in two European urban effluents (29), and in the influent and effluent of one Iowa City wastewater treatment plant (30). Fluorochemicals were also observed in ten wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and final effluents and, despite similar treatment processes, there were no systematic decreases or increases for the compounds studied in the ten WWTPs (31).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Untreated fluorochemicals may thus enter the environment via wastewater effluent, septic discharge or application of sludge to agricultural lands. Occurrence of fluorochemicals was reported in the effluents of six U.S. cities (28), in two European urban effluents (29), and in the influent and effluent of one Iowa City wastewater treatment plant (30). Fluorochemicals were also observed in ten wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and final effluents and, despite similar treatment processes, there were no systematic decreases or increases for the compounds studied in the ten WWTPs (31).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fluorochemicals are used in consumer products (27) and, as a result, are found in municipal wastewater (28)(29)(30)(31)(32) and sludge (21). Untreated fluorochemicals may thus enter the environment via wastewater effluent, septic discharge or application of sludge to agricultural lands.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reliable methods of extraction, separation and identification in complex matrixes are necessary. 18 or with derivatization the GC MS 19 and the GC ECD 20 are commonly used in the environmental and biological samples. The ion chromatography with conductimetric detection for the separation PFCAs having C3-8 has been also proposed 8 with the LODs in range 0.12 -0.66 mg L -1 , while with the SPE determination of 50 µg L -1 was possible.…”
Section: Experimental Analytical Methods For Determination Of Pfcasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…29 Such determinations can be carried out directly e.g. by the use of 19 F NMR, 21 but most commonly they are carried out by release of fluorine from organic compounds and analytical determination of fluoride ion. Release of fluorine can be achieved with different methods, including the combustion with oxygen in the furnace at 900-1000 °C, 10 or by the reaction with sodium biphenyl, which was employed also in our earlier works on flow-injection methods for TOF determination.…”
Section: Determination Of Total Organic Fluorinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Without derivatization the GC was employed with chemical ionization in the determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursors and fluorotelomer alcohols, 17 while with electron impact ionization in the determination of 8:2 telomer alcohol in animal plasma and tissues. 18 Then with an appropriate derivatization and chemical ionization the GC/MS was used in the determination of PFCAs in aqueous matrices, 19 and sediments, 20 and also in isolating isomers of perfluorocarboxylates in polar bears. 21 Recently in our research group we have developed a HPLC method as mentioned above for the determination of TOF, based on the transformation of fluoride into TPSiF.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%