Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Environmental Samples of the S. Euboic Gulf, Greece

Machera, Kyriaki; Miliadis, G. E.; Anagnostopoulos, E.; Anastassiadou, P.

doi:10.1007/s001289900568

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Although the APEs are less toxic to organisms, their metabolites , show high toxicity to organisms and fish. , So most countries have classified them as endocrine disrupter chemicals. − Numerous papers have been published about determination of APs, CPs, and BPA using various techniques. Some of the most frequently used methods for analysis of these are as follows: direct analysis using HPLC, − GC/ECD, − LC/MS, GC/MS, , and other techniques , or indirect analysis of the compounds using derivatization techniques such as methylation, acetylation, , and silylation. − Methylation and acetylation techniques are suitable for the analytes having high molecular weights rather than small. For the phenolic analytes concerned in this work, significant loss may occur during the sample preparation process due to the high volatility of low molecular weight methyl esters or acetates of analytes …”

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confidence: 99%

Silyl Derivatization of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols, and Bisphenol A for Simultaneous GC/MS Determination

Park

2001

Anal. Chem.

160

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A fast silyl derivatization technique for simultaneous GC/ MS analysis of alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A was developed. The analytes were silylized with an excess amount of bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) followed by hydrolysis of excess silyl reagent with water. Reaction rates of derivatization were studied in various solvents and found to be fastest in acetone. Derivatization reaction in acetone was completed quantitatively within 15 s at room temperature while it took more than 1 h in other solvents studied. Similar results were obtained in mixed solvents with acetone if the content of acetone was higher than 60% (v/v). Since water-immiscible solvents such as dichloromethane or hexane are frequently used in the extraction of phenolic analytes in various sample matrixes, acetone can be added to the extracts in order to accelerate the reaction rate of derivatization. Stability of the derivatives in sample for long-term storage was ensured by hydrolyzing excess derivatizing reagent, BSTFA, with a spike of water followed by dehydration using anhydrous sodium sulfate. On the basis of the above results, a derivatizing treatment kit was designed to improve the convenience of analysis. It was possible to treat sample within several minutes successfully by using the kit. So fast simultaneous determination of those anlaytes by GC/MS was possible with improved convenience as well as sensitivity and reproducibility.

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confidence: 99%

Silyl Derivatization of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols, and Bisphenol A for Simultaneous GC/MS Determination

Park

2001

Anal. Chem.

160

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“…It has been commonly applied for many years as a bactericide, fungicide, defoliant, herbicide, wood preservative and detergent supplement in soaps (Abramovitch and Capracotta 2003;Kot-Wasik et al 2004;Machera et al 1997;Nascimento et al 2004). This biocide is slightly soluble in water, up to 12-14 mg/l, and very resistant to biotic and abiotic attack, which leads to a constant increase in its concentration in soil, water sediments and living organisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pentachlorophenol and spent engine oil degradation by Mucor ramosissimus

Szewczyk

Długoński

2009

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been widely used for many years and belongs to the most toxic pollutants. Spent engine oils enter environment every day in many ways. Both of them cause great environmental concern. In the present work we focused on identifying metabolites of PCP biodegradation formed in cultures of Mucor ramosissimus IM 6203 and optimization of medium composition to enhance PCP removal in the presence of engine oil acting as a carbon source. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) to tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) transformation was the most interesting transformation conducted by the tested strain. TCHQ was further transformed to 2,3,5,6-TCP and 2,3,4,6-TCP. Strain IM 6203 is also capable of PCP transformation to corresponding anisoles -pentachloromethoxybenzene (PCMB) and pentachloroethoxybenzene (PCEB). Characterization of enzymatic background involved in PCP to TCHQ transformation showed that TCHQ formation is catalyzed by inductive and cytochrome P-450 dependent enzymatic system. Experiments conducted on mineral medium allowed defining the optimal quantitative and qualitative medium make-up for PCP to TCHQ transformation. Biodegradation of PCP on optimized synthetic medium X was more efficient than on rich Sabouraud medium. The t ested strain is capable of growth in the presence of spent engine oil therefore we checked the ability of PCP transformation on optimized synthetic medium containing oil as a carbon source. Collected results showed that PCP removal and TCHQ formation was th e most efficient on the oil-containing medium (OX medium). PCP removal and TCHQ forming after 240h of culturing reached 1.19 mg/l and 0.89 mg/l, respectively. Addit ionally, 55.5% of oil introduced to medium was removed during 10 days of the experiment. PCP biodegradation mechanisms used by Mucor species are still not sufficiently explained. The presented results point to the tested strain as an interesting model for the research on fungal PCP biodegradation in the areas highly contaminated with engine oil and for its future application in PCP and oils removal.

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Organic Contaminants in Riverine and Groundwater Systems

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Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Environmental Samples of the S. Euboic Gulf, Greece

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Silyl Derivatization of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols, and Bisphenol A for Simultaneous GC/MS Determination

Silyl Derivatization of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols, and Bisphenol A for Simultaneous GC/MS Determination

Pentachlorophenol and spent engine oil degradation by Mucor ramosissimus

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