The temperature dependences of the thermopower, S, and Nernst coefficient, Q, at temperatures up to 300–350 K for a series of ceramic Y0.85Ca0.15Ba2−xLaxCu3Oy samples with a varied doping level have been measured. The peculiarities of these dependences as well as the variation of the room-temperature thermopower and the critical temperature values are revealed and discussed in comparison with the case of single lanthanum doping. It is shown that the narrow-band model can be successfully used to describe all the specific features of the experimental S(T) and Q(T) dependences. Their joint quantitative analysis allows one to unambiguously determine the values of all the model parameters characterizing the energy spectrum structure and the charge-carrier system properties including the band-averaged electron mobility and the degree of the dispersion law asymmetry. The observed changes in these parameters with increasing lanthanum content are discussed, taking into account the earlier revealed specific impact of calcium ions on the energy spectrum structure in Y-based high-temperature superconductors.