Determination of Original Nondegraded and Fully Degraded Magnetic Characteristics of Material Subjected to Laser Cutting

Bali, Madeleine; Gersem, Herbert De; Muetze, Annette

doi:10.1109/tia.2017.2696479

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Using Formula (6), it became possible to determine the width of the area of damaged material. Similar considerations can be made using Equation (7).…”

Section: The Methods For Determining the Width Of A Damaged Materials Zonementioning

confidence: 91%

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Efficiency Analysis of Fractional KiloWatt Reluctance Motors with Various Frame Sizes, Taking into Account the Impact of the Punching Process

Gmyrek

Smółka

2020

Energies

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The need to reduce electricity consumption by electrical devices, including electric motors, is the reason for the development of new designs. Designers strive to improve operational parameters, including efficiency, using, for example, new types of magnetic materials, new types of stator windings, etc. Currently, in mass production, motor cores are made of punched laminations—punching causes damage of core parts. For motors of relatively large geometrical sizes, this effect is ignored during design. For motors having small dimensions, this negative effect results in a reduction in efficiency, which is mostly small for this type of motor. In this paper, the authors propose a new rapid algorithm based on simple measurements to determine the material characteristics of the damaged material part. Then, using them in the FEM models, they determine the efficiency of motors with various powers and frame sizes. On this basis, the conclusions are formulated, they may be helpful for motor designers.

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“…Using Formula (6), it became possible to determine the width of the area of damaged material. Similar considerations can be made using Equation (7).…”

Section: The Methods For Determining the Width Of A Damaged Materials Zonementioning

confidence: 91%

“…In further analyzes and calculations, the average x width of the damaged area was assumed to be equal to 2.3 mm. For this area width, material characteristics were determined using Equations (6) and (7), and then used in the FEM models.…”

Section: Determination Of the Width Of The Materials Zone Damaged By Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Analysis of Fractional KiloWatt Reluctance Motors with Various Frame Sizes, Taking into Account the Impact of the Punching Process

Gmyrek

Smółka

2020

Energies

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“…For the sake of completeness it should furthermore be noted, that recently [18]- [20] reported that the cutting process has also a substantial influence on the ferromagnetic material properties of steel sheets used to manufacture laminated iron cores for electric machines.…”

Section: Machining Induced Increase Of Core Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Quantification of Increased Core Loss in MnZn Ferrite Plates of a Multi-Gap Inductor

et al. 2019

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Inductors realized with high permeable MnZn ferrite require, unlike iron-powder cores with an inherent distributed gap, a discrete air gap in the magnetic circuit to prevent saturation of the core material and/or tune the inductance value. This large discrete gap can be divided into several partial gaps in order to reduce the air gap stray field and consequently the proximity losses in the winding. The multi-gap core, realized by stacking several thin ferrite plates and inserting a non-magnetic spacer material between the plates, however, exhibits a substantial increase in core losses which cannot be explained from the intrinsic properties of the ferrite. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature regarding machining induced core losses in ferrite, dating back to the early 1970s, is provided which suggests that the observed excess core losses could be attributed to a deterioration of ferrite properties in the surface layer of the plates caused by mechanical stress exerted during machining. However, in a first experimental analysis no structural evidence for a deteriorated layer close to the surface is identified by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Therefore, in a next step, a new calorimetric measurement setup based on temperature rise monitoring is proposed in this paper in order to quantify and differentiate between core losses associated with the bulk and the surface of the ferrite plates and therefore to pinpoint the measured excess core loss to shallow layers of ferrite with deteriorated magnetic performance. Electrical measurement of the surface related core losses utilizing the widely accepted twowinding wattmeter method with reactive power compensation is outlined in the appendix but was not employed in this work due to comparably low measurement accuracy. By means of the proposed measurement technique, the bulk and surface core loss density of the MnZn ferrite material 3F4 from FerroxCube was determined for sinusoidal flux density amplitude varying from 75 mT up to 200 mT and excitation frequencies ranging from 200 kHz to 1 MHz. The measured core loss densities (W/cm 3 ) show good agreement with the Steinmetz model provided by the manufacturer validating the proposed calorimetric core loss measurement technique. The measured surface loss density (W/cm 2 ) can also be well predicted with a Steinmetz model, whereby the frequency exponent α in the surface is slightly smaller and the flux density exponent β is slightly larger compared to the Steinmetz parameter of the bulk ferrite. It is shown that the ratio between surface and bulk core losses of a composite core assembled from individual plates is only a function of plate thickness and does not depend on the actual cross section

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“…If the magnetic behavior of a material is described using a hysteresis-curve model, the energy loss per volume can be calculated by integrating B along the identified hysteresis curve as described in (3). Consequently, the signals B(t) and H(t) in each volume element, as well as at any time are necessary to determine the individual magnetization state and its temporal change.…”

Section: General and Novel Approach For Alternating Iron Loss And Magmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the chemical composition and process treatment of the material, the layer thickness, and the applied shaping technique, significant decrease of the material properties is observed up to a distance of 2-3 mm from the cut edge [40,6,61]. In case of punching, the change is mainly due to residual mechanical stress and plastic deformation of the material [38,26,15,63,56], while for laser cutting it is due to thermal effects [21,3]. Stress relief annealing can be applied to at least partly restore the material characteristics [10,16].…”

Section: Shaping Of the Machine Design Cross Section And Its Impact Omentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 2

Bramerdorfer

Kitzberger

Wöckinger

et al. 2019

Tm - Technisches Messen

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The first part of this two-part article is about a retrospective view of material characterization, starting with the work of J. Epstein around the year 1900 and respective basic explanations. Consequently, the work presented herein is about the current state-of-the-art, recent developments, and future trends in characterization of ferromagnetic materials. Modeling is in fact a type of characterization, in a phenomenological and mathematical sense, and therefore it is treated with due attention in this article. Quantifying the properties of soft magnetic materials retains significant scientific attention. Thanks to new optimization techniques and advances in numerical evaluation, modern electromagnetic devices feature high utilization. Classical models exhibit assumptions that do not allow modern machine or device characterization with high accuracy. In this manuscript, typically applied techniques and recent incremental improvements, as well as newly developed models are introduced and discussed. Moreover, the significant impact of manufacturing on the materials’ characteristics and its quantification is illustrated. Within this article, a broad overview of the state-of-the-art as well as recent advances and future trends in soft magnetic material characterization is presented. Thus, it is a valuable reading for beginners and experts, from academia and industry alike.

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Determination of Original Nondegraded and Fully Degraded Magnetic Characteristics of Material Subjected to Laser Cutting

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Efficiency Analysis of Fractional KiloWatt Reluctance Motors with Various Frame Sizes, Taking into Account the Impact of the Punching Process

Efficiency Analysis of Fractional KiloWatt Reluctance Motors with Various Frame Sizes, Taking into Account the Impact of the Punching Process

Origin and Quantification of Increased Core Loss in MnZn Ferrite Plates of a Multi-Gap Inductor

State-of-the-art and future trends in soft magnetic materials characterization with focus on electric machine design – Part 2

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