Determination of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables and sediments

Ahmad, Nazir; Bugueno, George; Guo, Ling-An; Marolt, Robert Slobodan

doi:10.1080/03601239909373229

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The analytical method has been described elsewhere (Ahmad et al, 1999). Extraction of soil was done by shaking the sample with a solvent mixture of nanograde dichloromethane and acetone (80:20 v/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

et al. 2001

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The fate and transport of endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5, 5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields were studied throughout three consecutive years on two selected locations in New South Wales (Australia). Rates of dissipation from foliage and soil, volatilization from the field, and transport of residues in irrigation and/or storm runoff waters were measured in order to estimate a total field balance. Dissipation of endosulfan from both foliage and soil is best explained by a two-phase process rather than by a first-order decay. Half-lives of total endosulfan toxic residues (alpha- and beta-endosulfan and the sulfate product) in the first phase were 1.6 d in foliage and 7.1 d in soil, and could be explained by the rapid volatilization of the parent isomers in the first 5 d (up to 70% of endosulfan volatilizes). In the second phase, half-lives were 9.5 d in foliage and 82 d in soil, mostly due to the persistence of the sulfate product. Concentration of endosulfan residues in runoff water varied from 45 to 2.5 microg L(-1) depending on the residue levels present on field soil at the time of the irrigation or storm events. These in turn are related to the total amounts applied, the cotton canopy cover at application, and the time since last spraying. Most of the endosulfan in runoff was found in the water phase (80%), suggesting it was bound to colloidal matter. Total endosulfan residues in runoff for a whole season accounted for no more than 2% of the pesticide applied on-field.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

et al. 2001

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“…Key words: breast cancer, DDE, DDT, dieldrin, environmental estrogens, epidemiology, insecticides, mammary cancer, organochlorines, pesticides. -Environ Health Perspect 109(suppl 1): 35-47 (2001 metabolite p,p´-DDE and to a lesser extent the DDT isomer p,p´-DDT are still detected in low amounts in food, especially in fish, meat and dairy products, and root vegetables (26,35,(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59). DDT and DDE are stored in human adipose tissue, and levels increase as a function of age (21,60,61).…”

Section: Why Evaluate Ddt/dde and Breast Cancer Risk?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and breast cancer risk: a review of DDT, DDE, and dieldrin.

Snedeker

2001

Environ Health Perspect

238

140

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Established risk factors for breast cancer explain breast cancer risk only partially. Hence, there has been interest in evaluating what role environmental chemicals, especially those with evidence of being hormonally active agents, play in breast cancer risk. Organochlorine pesticides have received the most attention because of their persistence in the environment, ability to concentrate up the food chain, continued detection in the food supply and breast milk, and ability to be stored in the adipose tissue of animals and humans. Although several early descriptive studies and a cohort study identified a strong positive association with breast cancer risk and adipose or blood levels of the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and/or its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), most of the more recent case--control and nested case--control studies have not supported this association. In this review I discuss these findings and explore how exposure to different forms of DDT with varying estrogenicities may have affected the results of these studies. I also address how other factors influence the interpretation of the studies on DDT, DDE, and breast cancer risk. These include the effect of analytic methods, dietary factors, menopausal status, use of different types of control populations, lactation history, estrogen receptor status, ethnic/racial subgroups, breast tumor characteristics, and polymorphisms. I also discuss the emerging research on whether serum levels of the persistent organochlorine insecticide dieldrin are related to breast cancer risk in Danish and American women. Further research needs are also identified.

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“…Helicopter technique (single application) has the benefit of treating large areas with greater efficiency in a shorter time at relatively low cost. Many methods were published in the literature for the determination of residues of endosulfan and its metabolites in fruits and vegetables, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] meat, 23 dairy and milk pro-ducts, [24][25][26][27] soil, 28,29 water [30][31][32][33][34] and plant and animal tissue. [35][36][37][38][39][40] The environmental fate and behaviour of the compound has been extensively studied.…”

Section: Introduction Endosulfanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure to residues after aerial spraying of endosulfan: residues in cow milk, fish, water, soil and cashew leaf in Kasargode, Kerala, India

Ramesh¹,

Vijayalakshmi²

2002

Pest Management Science

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A detailed study has been conducted to evaluate the residues of endosulfan and its principal metabolite (alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate) which may have accumulated in environmental samples due to regular aerial spray application of endosulfan on cashew leaf plantation for a period of 20 years. Three months after the last spray of endosulfan 350 g litre-1 EC at 300 ml acre-1 (equivalent to 105 g AI acre-1 = 42.5 g ha-1), a total of 93 samples of cow milk, fish, water, soil and dried cashew leaf were collected from a village in Kasargode District, Kerala, India, where endosulfan contamination was likely to have occurred. All the samples were analyzed for total residues of endosulfan (comprising alpha- and beta-endosulfan), endosulfan sulfate and also the potential hydrolysis product endosulfan diol, using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The minimum detection limits of total endosulfan was 0.001 microgram g-1. Analysis of soil samples showed the deposition of total endosulfan residues in the range < 0.001-0.010 microgram g-1, and dried leaf samples showed residues of endosulfan in the range < 0.001-3.43 micrograms g-1 dry weight. In cow milk, fish and water, endosulfan residues could not be detected above the minimum detection limit. Endosulfan diol was not observed in any sample. The data obtained was confirmed by GC-MS-EI using selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode.

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Determination of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables and sediments

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

Pesticides and breast cancer risk: a review of DDT, DDE, and dieldrin.

Environmental exposure to residues after aerial spraying of endosulfan: residues in cow milk, fish, water, soil and cashew leaf in Kasargode, Kerala, India

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