Determination of Optimum Proportions for Hydrostatic Bearings

Loeb, Alfred M.; Rippel, H. C.

doi:10.1080/05698195808972336

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Finding that cellulose acetate material has a preferential sorption for water in aqueous salt solutions (85)(86)(87)(88)(89)755), Loeb and Sourirajan developed a method of making porous cellulose acetate membranes capable of giving both high permeabilities and high degrees of solute separation from aqueous sodium chloride solutions (90)(91)(92)(93)(94). It is this particular development which has led to the current world-wide interest in the reverse osmosis process.…”

Section: Porous Cellulose Acetate Membrane Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Osmosis

Sourirajan¹,

Agrawal²

1969

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Section: Porous Cellulose Acetate Membrane Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Osmosis

Sourirajan¹,

Agrawal²

1969

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…Several authors have shown that overall DNA polymerase (DNA nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate: DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) levels increase markedly in parallel to DNA synthesis rate, and both parameters reach their maximum at the same time, between the second and fifth day of culture (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), in correspondence to the peak of mitoses. In human cells two main molecular species of DNA polymerase are known, defined as -a and -,3 (7)(8)(9)(10); the a-enzyme is the most abundant one, has an s°20,w of 6.5 S and is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide; the ,B-enzyme has an S020W of 3.4 S and is insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta during prolonged stimulation of human lymphocytes.

Bertazzoni¹,

Stefanini²,

Noy³

et al. 1976

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Stimulation of human lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin is known to induce an increase in overall DNA polymerase activity (DNA nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7). Previous work [Pedrali Noy, G., Dalpra, L., Pedrini, A. M., Ciarrocchi, G., Giulotto, E., Nuzzo, F. & Falaschi, A. (1974) Nucleic Acids Res. 1, 1183] has shown that two subsequent waves of induction of DNA polymerase can be observed in this system; a first wave occurs in parallel with the increase in DNA replication rate; a second one occurs when the DNA synthesis rate is returned to minimal levels; the second peak is parallel to a maximum in DNA ligase and DNase levels.In the present work we have measured the levels of the DNA polymerases-a and -, in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes during a 12-day period; both enzymes are present at detectable levels at time zero; in correspondence to the peak of DNA synthesis rate (between the fourth and fifth day) a peak of DNA polymerase-a is observed, increasing by a factor of approximately 20-fold over the zero time value; subsequently, the level of DNA polymerase-a decreases in parallel with DNA synthesis rate. The DNA polymerase-ft is also increased in correspondence to the peak in DNA synthesis rate, but reaches its maximum at later times, between the eighth and tenth day of incubation.The capacity of stimulated lymphocytes to perform repair synthesis following UV damage was measured in the same cells used for the enzyme activity determinations; this capacity also shows two maxima: a first one correlated with the peak in DNA replication rate, and a second one correlated with the peak of DNA polymerase-fl.These data suggest a certain tendency to the specialization of functions in human cell DNA polymerases; the a-enzyme seems mainly correlated with DNA replication, whereas the a-enzyme seems more correlated with the ability of the cell to perform repair type synthesis.Human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) represent a useful model system to obtain information on the role of the enzymes of DNA metabolism; the stimulated cells undergo dramatic variations in DNA replication rate (1), and any positively correlated variation of the level of a certain enzyme gives a strong inference for a function of that enzyme in DNA replication.Several authors have shown that overall DNA polymerase (DNA nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate: DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) levels increase markedly in parallel to DNA synthesis rate, and both parameters reach their maximum at the same time, between the second and fifth day of culture (2-6), in correspondence to the peak of mitoses. In human cells two main molecular species of DNA polymerase are known, defined as -a and -,3 (7-10); the a-enzyme is the most abundant one, has an s°20,w of 6.5 S and is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide; the ,B-enzyme has an S020W of 3.4 S and is insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. The molecular species of DNA polymerase which is mainl...

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“…ICP depends greatly on the S value. According to the model developed by Loeb et al ., the FO water flux can be calculated from the following equations for AL‐DS and AL‐FS as expressed in eqs. and , respectively …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin film composite forward osmosis membranes with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted nano‐TiO₂ as additive in substrate

Liu

Kang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized and added to the substrate of flat‐sheet thin film composite forward osmosis (TFC‐FO) membranes. The hydrophilicity of substrate was improved, which was advantageous to enhance the water flux of TFC‐FO membranes. The membranes containing a 3 wt % TiO2‐PHEMA in the substrate exhibited a finger‐like structure combined with sponge‐like structure, while those with lower or without TiO2‐PHEMA content showed fully finger‐like structures. As for FO performance, the TFC‐FO membranes with 3 wt % TiO2‐PHEMA content achieved the highest water flux of 42.8 LMH and 24.2 LMH against the DI water using 2M NaCl as the draw solution tested under the active layer against draw solution (AL‐DS) mode and active layer against feed solution (AL‐FS) mode, respectively. It was proven that the hydrophilic property of membrane substrates was a strong factor influencing the water flux in FO tests. Furthermore, the structural parameter was remarkably decreased with an increase of TiO2‐PHEMA content in membrane substrate, indicating the reducing of internal concentration polarization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43719.

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Determination of Optimum Proportions for Hydrostatic Bearings

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse Osmosis

Variations of DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta during prolonged stimulation of human lymphocytes.

Thin film composite forward osmosis membranes with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted nano‐TiO₂ as additive in substrate

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Determination of Optimum Proportions for Hydrostatic Bearings

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse Osmosis

Variations of DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta during prolonged stimulation of human lymphocytes.

Thin film composite forward osmosis membranes with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted nano‐TiO2 as additive in substrate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Thin film composite forward osmosis membranes with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted nano‐TiO₂ as additive in substrate