Determination of opiates in urine by capillary electrophoresis

Taylor, Robert B.; Low, A.S.; Reid, R.G.

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(95)00359-2

Cited by 77 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Hydrodynamic injection for a long period of time usually results in peak broadening. It has been demonstrated in a previous report (Taylor et al, 1996) that the detection sensitivity of CZE of opiates in extracted urine was significantly increased using electrokinetic instead of hydrodymamic sample injection. Figure 2 depicts electropherograms of CZE of a blank urine spiked with free and conjugated morphine (5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively) injected electrokinetically (10 kV for 30 s).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, capillary electrophoresis (CE) with on-line multiwavelength UV detection has been an attractive approach for the determination of pharmaceuticals in body fluids (for a review see Thormann et al, 1994). Both capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) have been employed for the determination of opiates in urine Thormann, 1992, 1993;Hyotylainen et al, 1996;Taylor et al, 1996;Zhang and Thormann, 1997). In most procedures, time consuming liquid or solid phase extraction of urine samples were required prior to CE analysis for unambiguous peak identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of morphine and morphine-3β-D glucuronide in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with minimal sample pretreatment

Tsai²

1999

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of morphine and morphine-3β-D glucuronide in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with minimal sample pretreatment

Tsai²

1999

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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“…When opiates were injected from MeOH-HAc (100:0.2), peak areas were considerably reduced from those obtained in the mixture of MeOH-H 2 O-HAc. This phenomenon can be ascribed to that precipitation occurred, due to the higher concentration of buffer required to achieve resolution [5]. It was found that the highest S/N was yielded with the solution of MeOH-H 2 O-HAc (50:50:0.2 v/v/v), probably because this solution provides the best conditions for solute ionization together with low conductivity of the sample matrix.…”

Section: Optimization Of Normal Polarity Fesimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MEKC has been used for the simultaneous separation and determination of a wide variety of neutral and charged illicit drugs [3]. As an alternative to MEKC, studies using CZE were also presented for the investigation of controlled substances [4,5]. Recently, the use of b-CD to modulate the separation of opiates in a CZE method has also been reported [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis to the determination of opiates in human urine

Wei¹,

Zhang²,

Feng³

2006

Electrophoresis

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A novel poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-EGDMA) monolith microextraction method coupled with CZE was proposed for rapidly determining a mixture of opiates comprising heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, codeine, papaverine, and narcotine in human urine. The extraction device contained a regular plastic syringe, the poly(MAA-EGDMA) monolithic capillary tube (530 microm id x 3 cm) and a plastic pinhead, which connected the monolithic capillary tube and the syringe without leakage. In the polymer monolith microextraction, the sample solution was ejected via the monolithic capillary tube by a programmable syringe pump, followed by desorption with an aliquot of appropriate solution, which was collected into a vial for the subsequent analysis by CZE. The best separation was achieved using a buffer composed of 0.1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate (adjusted to pH 4.5 with 1 M hydrochloric acid) and 20% methanol v/v with temperature and voltage of 25 degrees C and 25 kV, respectively. By applying electrokinetic injection with field-enhanced sample stacking, detection limits of 6.6-19.5 ng/mL were achieved. Excellent method of reproducibility was found over a linear range of 80-2000 ng/mL.

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“…The advent of fully automated, commercially available capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems has presented the forensic analyst with a new and viable analytical alternative to HPLC and TLC [1]. As with most analytical techniques, one of the limiting factors to high sensitivity and selectivity in CE is the detection method employed [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

2004

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Methods for separation and determination of multiple drugs of abuse in biological fluids using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with native fluorescence and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection are described herein. Using native fluorescence, normorphine, morphine, 6-acetyl morphine (6-AM), and codeine were analyzed by CE without any derivatization procedure and detected at an excitation wavelength of 245 nm with a cut-off emission filter of 320 nm, providing a rapid and simple analysis. The detection limits were in the range of 200 ng/mL. For a highly sensitive analysis, LIF detection was also examined using a two-step precolumn derivatization procedure. In this case, drugs extracted from human urine were first subjected to an N-demethylation reaction involving the use of 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (ACE-Cl) and then derivatized using fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and analyzed by CE coupled to a LIF detector. Variables affecting this derivatization: yield of demethylation reaction, FITC concentration, reaction time and temperature, were studied. The estimated instrumental detection limits of the FITC derivatives were in the range of 50-100 pg/mL, using LIF detection with excitation and emission wavelengths of 488 nm and 520 nm, respectively. The linearity, reproducibility and reliability of the methods were evaluated. In addition, a comparison of the characteristics for both native fluorescence and LIF detections was also discussed.

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Determination of opiates in urine by capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of morphine and morphine-3β-D glucuronide in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with minimal sample pretreatment

Analysis of morphine and morphine-3β-D glucuronide in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with minimal sample pretreatment

Application of poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis to the determination of opiates in human urine

Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

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