“…However, the measurement of the RON takes time and requires a relatively large amount of gasoline samples, and it normally is performed only for the purpose of quality inspections. In order to circumvent the drawbacks of the RON method, several other techniques have been proposed, such as the gas chromatography, fluorescent indicator adsorption, dielectric spectroscopy, phononic crystal sensing, flame spectroscopy emission, near infrared spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, etc. Among these techniques, 1 H NMR spectroscopy has been shown to successfully determine the ON for the product gasoline .…”