Determination of Norepinephrine Alone and in the Presence of Ascorbic and Uric Acids Using a Gold Electrode Modified with Gold Nanoparticles and Self‐Assembled Layers of meso‐2,3‐Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

Abstract

This paper reports on the modification of gold electrodes with self‐assembled layers (SAMs) composed of meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid, cysteamine and gold nanoparticles, respectively and their application to quantitative determination of norepinephrine alone and in the presence of ascorbic and uric acids in solution at pH 7. The modification was carried out on two kinds of templates: a bare gold electrode (2D electrode) and a gold electrode coated in the first step with gold nanoparticles (3D electrode). Cyclic voltammograms reveal an enhancement of the norepinephrine electrooxidation in comparison to a bare, (non‐modified) gold electrode. The oxidation peaks for norepinephrine, ascorbic acid and uric acid have a peak‐to‐peak separation that enables their selective determination even in a complex mixture.

Gold and Nanogold Electrodes Modified with Gold Nanoparticles and meso‐2,3‐Dimercaptosuccinic Acid for the Simultaneous, Sensitive and Selective Determination of Dopamine and Its Biogenic Interferents

“…The choice of DMSA was dictated by a stronger affinity of this compound towards Au and higher extent of dissociation of its carboxyl groups [23] as compared to those of the previously studied S-containing alkane acids [22]. Recenly, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid has been used as an agent for electrode modification during norepinephrine oxidation [24]. Till now, such a system has not been studied for dopamine detection.…”

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“…Among various attempts to overcome the above-mentioned problems, much attention has been paid to the use of electrodes modified for the development of suitable sensors. Numerous materials, such as metal nanoparticles, polymers, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphenes, and enzymes, have been used as modifiers to construct highly sensitive and selective NE biosensors [17][18][19] .…”

A Surface Network Based on Polytyramine/ Gold Nanoparticles: Characterization, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Selective Determination of Norepinephrine

“…Therefore, a large number of methods have been developed for the sensitive and selective quantification of trace amount of NOR in biological samples or pharmaceutical formulations [22,23]. A nonconventional method for rapid detection with great precision and reproducibility has been an urgent demand for neurotransmitter analysis that includes the application of electrochemical sensors with highly reactive surface materials [24,25]. Electrochemical approaches applying various systems of interest have been proposed for selective and sensitive analysis, based on active surface modifications including the attachment of metal nanoparticles to conducting polymers [26], surfactant assisted metal oxide nanoparticles [27], self-assembled L-cysteine/AuNPs/MWCNT [28], and a graphene modified electrode [29], among many others.…”