Determination of Nonpoint‐Source Pollution Using GIS and Numerical Models

Zhang, R.; Hamerlinck, Jeffrey D.; Gloss, Steven P.; Munn, L. C.

doi:10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030005x

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…DRASTIC model which is an overlay/index method (Vrba and Zaporotec, 1994;USEPA, 1993;Zhang et al, 1996) was developed by US/ EPA to be the standardized method for groundwater vulnerability assessment. DRASTIC can be categorized into 2 steps: (1) hydrogeology setting classification and (2) scoring method (Ckakraborty S et al, 2007).…”

Section: Assessment Of Aquifer Vulnerability With the Drastic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Samaké¹,

Tang²,

Hlaing³

et al. 2011

JSD

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Groundwater pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Human activities, e.g. industrial, agricultural and household represent a real threat for groundwater quality. In areas where Groundwater constitutes the main drinking water resources, its vulnerability assessment, to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination has become an important element for water resource management and land use planning. Hence, maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution are becoming more in demand because this essential resource for life represents the main source of drinking water in many parts of the world and particularly in northern China where there is insufficient surface water.This study used the ArcGIS 9.2 software and geographical information system (GIS) techniques to apply an EPA model for determining intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater to pollution in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China. The model is called DRASTIC, representing hydrogeological parameters such as Depth to Aquifer, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Topography, Impact of vadose Zones, and Hydraulic Conductivity. The DRASTIC model uses environmental parameters to characterize the hydrogeological setting of any area and to evaluate the aquifer vulnerability. The DRASTIC scores obtained from the model vary from 59 to 147, where the higher value implies the relative greater vulnerability. These values were reclassified into three classes: very low, low and moderate vulnerable zones. The moderate vulnerability zones of Linfen Basin are located in the north and southeastern part of the basin. The moderate vulnerable zones cover around 16.38% of the study area. Huozhou City in the north, Yicheng County, Qu Wo County in the south east are concerned by moderate vulnerability zones.The very low vulnerable zones are well distributed and are mainly located in the middle and south parts of the basin. Some very low vulnerable zones can also be seen in the north east and extreme east parts. Very low vulnerable zones cover about 40.13% of the study area. The remaining parts of the Linfen basin are under low vulnerable zones (43.49%) which are located in the west and Middle West parts of the region.The results of this study can be used to determine where communities should undertake aggressive protection of the groundwater. Regional development planners will benefit from knowledge of local sensitive aquifers.

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Section: Assessment Of Aquifer Vulnerability With the Drastic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Samaké¹,

Tang²,

Hlaing³

et al. 2011

JSD

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show abstract

“…The output data from this modeling were the cumulative water flux recharge to groundwater table since the start time of simulation, total amount of water in the soil, cumulative amount of solute leached to the groundwater since the start time of the simulation and the start time of groundwater pollution. The calculations showed that the contamination reached its maximum level in sandy soils much sooner than in clay soils (Zhang et al 1996).…”

Section: Gleams (Groundwater Loading Effects Of Agricultural Managemementioning

confidence: 94%

“…A geographic information system (GIS) with the DRASTIC model was used by Zhang et al (1996) to study the potential contamination of the groundwater in this regionandto understand which areas are more likely to become polluted considering the human activities on the land surface.The most sensitive locations were the areas near the streams, rivers and lakes. Also, the locations with shallow water tables and deep saturated layers of soil and soils with very high porosity were classified as highly sensitive.…”

Section: Gleams (Groundwater Loading Effects Of Agricultural Managemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the locations with shallow water tables and deep saturated layers of soil and soils with very high porosity were classified as highly sensitive. Upland areas with very low hydraulic conductivities, very deep water tables and steep slopes were classified as low sensitive areas (Zhang et al 1996).…”

Section: Gleams (Groundwater Loading Effects Of Agricultural Managemementioning

confidence: 99%

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Planning and management modeling for treated wastewater usage

Ahmadi

Merkley

2009

Irrig Drainage Syst

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Two computational models, including several calculation and analysis submodels, were developed to create a tool for assessing the impact of different treated wastewater reuse options on irrigated agriculture. The models consider various aspects of treated wastewater availability (past, present, and future), wastewater quality, agricultural water demand, and the economics of conveying wastewater from treatment plants to farms. The two models were implemented using Visual BASIC.NET in a GIS environment to facilitate visualization of some of the features of an area under study, and to provide a convenient interface for user application. One of the models is for treated wastewater availability calculations, and the other is for wastewater reuse.The water availability model has sub-models including urban population predictions, agricultural land use changes, residential water demand, agricultural water demand (evapotranspiration) for over 40 crop types, and treated wastewater analysis.The water reuse model is composed of three sub-models, including soil water and salt iii balance calculations, nutrient calculations, and pumping and conveyance costs calculations. The nutrient calculationssub-model is based on an existing model, but was completely rewritten and modified in some parts to accommodate the needs and features of the water reuse model presented herein.A sample application of the models is presented for Cache Valley, Utah. The results show a comparison of treated wastewater reuse schemes for the study area, highlighting how irrigated agriculture would best benefit from the total or partial use of treated wastewater. Two wastewater reuse scenarios were considered. The water availability model shows good agreement with other sources of information in terms of population forecast and calculation of future residential and agricultural water demand.However, according to the results from the model, the rate of increase of the urban area was much higher than the rate of decrease of the agricultural areas between the years 1992 and 2001.The future population growth and water demand increases for urban areas was calculated and validated for Logan City. Also, in the case studythe model was shown to be a good tool for wastewater influent analysis for Logan City. Both of the models were successfully developed, tested, and validated (for a case study in Utah) as part of this research.

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“…These include process based methods, statistical methods, and overlay/index methods [25,26]. The process based methods use simulation models (i.e., SWAT [27], HSPF [28], and GLEAMS [29]) to simulate contaminant transport [22].…”

Section: Drastic To Estimate Aquifer Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment for Sustainable Groundwater Management Using DRASTIC

Jang

Engel

Harbor

et al. 2017

Water

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Groundwater management and protection has been facilitated by computational modeling of aquifer vulnerability and monitoring aquifers using groundwater sampling. The DRASTIC (Depth to water, Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone media, and hydraulic Conductivity) model, an overlay and index GIS model, has been used for groundwater quality assessment because it relies on simple, straightforward methods. Aquifer vulnerability mapping identifies areas with high pollution potential that can be areas for priority management and monitoring. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate how aquifer vulnerability assessment can be achieved using DRASTIC with high resolution data. This includes calibrating DRASTIC weights using a binary classifier calibration method with a genetic algorithm (Bi-GA), identifying areas of high potential aquifer vulnerability, and selecting potential aquifer monitoring sites using spatial statistics. The aquifer vulnerability results from DRASTIC using Bi-GA were validated with a well database of observed nitrate concentrations for a study area in Indiana. The DRASTIC results using Bi-GA showed that approximately 42.2% of nitrate detections >2 ppm are within "High" and "Very high" vulnerability areas (representing 3.4% of study area) as simulated by DRASTIC. Moreover, 53.4% of the nitrate detections were within the "Moderate" vulnerability class (26.9% of study area), and only 4.3% of the nitrate detections were within the "Low" vulnerability class (60.1% of study area). Nitrates > 2 ppm were not detected at all within the "Very low" vulnerability class (9.6% of area). "High" and "Very high" vulnerability areas should be regarded as priority areas for groundwater monitoring and efforts to prevent groundwater contamination. This case study suggests that the approach may be applicable to other areas as part of efforts to target groundwater management efforts.

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Determination of Nonpoint‐Source Pollution Using GIS and Numerical Models

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Planning and management modeling for treated wastewater usage

Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment for Sustainable Groundwater Management Using DRASTIC

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