Determination of Nonionic Polyethoxylate Surfactants in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Crescenzi, Carlo; Corcia, Antonio Di; Samperi, Roberto; Marcomini, Antonio

doi:10.1021/ac00107a008

Cited by 199 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In comparison to LLE technique, the solid phase extraction allows for reduction of analytes isolation time and consumption of solvents [16]. Moreover, the sample preparation step can be automated with use of SPE [17]. Several types of sorbents (graphitized black carbon, octadecylsilica or polymeric) were employed for the extraction of non-ionic compounds from environmental samples.…”

Section: Liquid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MS-MS detector can be used to identification of non-ionics analytes (due to their mass spectra contain characteristic fragments that constitute additional confirmation) and usually provides higher selectivity at quantitative determination step [64]. For ionization of non-ionic analytes were applied two techniques: atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) [26] and electrospray ionization ESI (has demonstrated higher sensitivity) [17,63]. The identification and quantitative analysis of non-ionic SAA was performed with the ion trap mass, quadrupole and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometers [64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Final Determination Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part III. Non-Ionic Compounds

Olkowska¹,

Ruman²,

Kowalska³

et al. 2013

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Non-ionic surface active agents are a diverse group of chemicals which have an uncharged polar head and a non-polar tail. They have different properties due to amphiphilic structure of their molecules. Commercial available non-ionic surfactants consist of the broadest spectrum of compounds in comparison with other types of such agents. Typically, non-ionic compounds found applications in households and industry during formulation of cleaning products, cosmetics, paints, preservative coatings, resins, textiles, pulp and paper, petroleum products or pesticides. Their are one of the most common use class of surfactants which can be potential pollution sources of the different compartment of environment (because of they widely application or discharging treated wastewaters to surface water and sludge in agricultural). It is important to investigate the behavior, environmental fate of non-ionic surfactants and their impact on living organisms (they are toxic and/or can disrupt endocrine functions). To solve such problems should be applied appropriated analytical tools. Sample preparation step is one of the most critical part of analytical procedures in determination of different compounds in environmental matrices. Traditional extraction techniques (LLE -for liquid samples; SLE -for solid samples) are time and solvent-consuming. Developments in this field result in improving isolation efficiency and decreasing solvent consumption (eg SPE and SPME -liquid samples or PLE, SFE and MAE -solid samples). At final determination step can be applied spectrophotometric technique, potentiometric titrametration or tensammetry (determination total concentration of non-ionic surfactants) or chromatographic techniques coupled with appropriated detection techniques (individual analytes). The literature data concerning the concentrations of non-ionic surfactants in the different compartments of the environment can give general view that various ecosystems are polluted by those compounds.

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Section: Liquid Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Determination Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part III. Non-Ionic Compounds

Olkowska¹,

Ruman²,

Kowalska³

et al. 2013

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Liquid-liquid extraction is the classical approach for surfactants extraction from water samples; however, because of its disadvantages, it has been widely replaced with solid-phase extraction (SPE). 14 Several works reported the use of solid-phase micro extraction and SPE with different sorbents such as alkylbonded silica, 15 graphitized carbon black (GCB) 16 and styrene-divinylbenzene resins. 17 Recent studies on the use of surfactant-coated mineral oxides columns for SPE have demonstrated that these new sorbent materials are promising tools for the extraction/preconcentration of organic compounds in a wide polarity range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-coated alumina and C18 cartridge for the separation and preconcentration of cationic surfactants prior to their quantitation by spectrophotometric method

Karimi

Behjatmanesh–Ardakani

Goudi

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um novo método de extração em fase sólida foi desenvolvido para separar e pré-concentrar traços de tensoativos catiônicos, tais como, brometo de dodeciltrimetilamônio (DTAB), brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB) e cloreto de cetilpiridínio (CPC). Esse método é baseado na sorção do tensoativo aniônico (AS − ), dodecilssulfato de sódio (SDS), sobre a superfície de γ-alumina, enquanto um cartucho C 18 é utilizado para a pré-concentração dos tensoativos catiônicos (CS + ). O método espectrofotométrico, utilizado para a determinação dos tensoativos catiônicos, baseia-se na competição entre o corante catiônico, azul de metileno (MB + ), e o CS + , para associação e formação do complexo SDS. O íon complexo formado (MB + ) pode ser quantitativamente substituído pelo CS + , levando a um aumento da absorvância medida em 662 nm. Foram estabelecidas ótimas condições experimentais para a separação, pré-concentração e determinação dos tensoativos catiônicos. Sob essas condições otimizadas, realizou-se a pré-concentração (2×) e os resultados mostraram que a determinação do CPC, DTAB e CTAB poderia ser realizada nas faixas de concentração de 1×10 -5 -2×10 -4 , 4×10 -5 -5×10 -4 and 5×10 -5 -5×10 -4 mol L -1 , respectivamente. Por fim, a partir de onze determinações de 10,0 mg mL -1 das soluções de CPC, DTAB e CTAB obtiveram-se RSDs de 4,3, 3,7 e 4,0%, respectivamente. O método foi validado por meio de um conjunto de diferentes amostras que continham os tensoativos catiônicos.A new solid phase extraction method has been developed to the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of cationic surfactants i.e. dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). This method is based on the sorption of anionic surfactant (AS -) of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the γ-alumina surface and C 18 cartridge is used for preconcentration of cationic surfactants (CS + ). Spectrophotometric determination method used for the determination of cationic surfactants is based on the competition between the cationic dye of methylene blue (MB + ) and CS + for association complex formation with SDS. The MB + in the ion associate complex can be quantitatively substituted by CS + leading to an increase in the absorbance measured at 662 nm. Optimum experimental conditions for separation, preconcentration and determination of cationic surfactants have been reported. Under the selected optimal conditions, preconcentration factor of two-fold was achieved and the results showed that determination of CPC, DTAB and CTAB could be performed in concentration ranges of 1×10 -5 -2×10 -4 , 4×10 -5 -5×10 -4 and 5×10 -5 -5×10 -4 mol L -1 , respectively. Eleven determinations of 10.0 mg mL -1 of CPC, DTAB and CTAB solutions led to RSD's of 4.3, 3.7 and 4.0%, respectively. Method was validated using a set of different samples containing cationic surfactants.

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“…Liquid-liquid extraction [2], sublation [3] and mainly solid-phase extraction (SPE) were used to recover AAEs from aqueous matrices. SPE exploited the hydrophobicity of the AAE molecule and employed sorbents were alkyl-bonded silica [4][5][6] and graphitized carbon black [7,8]. Extraction of AAEs from the solid phase was carried out using traditional Soxhlet liquidsolid extractor [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid chromatography (LC) seemed to be the most suitable separation technique. But, the resolution power of a single liquid chromatographic method being insufficient, the complete analysis of AAEs required either coupling of liquid chromatography with an identification detection mode as mass spectrometry (MS) [4,5,7,[14][15][16][17] or combination of two complementary liquid chromatographic methods [2,[18][19][20][21]. This paper compares different analytical procedures to measure AAEs in wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an analytical procedure for the measurement of nonionic aliphatic polyethoxylated surfactants in raw wastewater

1999

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Abstract. An analytical procedure has been developed for determining aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates (AAEs) in raw wastewater. AAEs were isolated by solid-phase extraction on a styrenedivinylbenzene disk. The maximum volume that was processed without plugging of the disk was 20 mL. Then AAEs were desorbed with methanol and, after evaporation to dryness, the residue was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry via atmospheric pressure interface. Two desorption temperatures (ambient and 100 °C), two organic modifiers of the mobile phase (methanol and acetonitrile) and two atmospheric pressure interfaces (electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) were tested. The lowest coefficients of variation for replicate measurements were obtained by desorbing AAEs from the extraction disk at 100°C and by using methanol-based mobile phase with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source for extract analysis. Under these conditions, all the analytes (ranging in size from 10 to 16 alkyl carbons and from 1 to 25 ethoxylate groups) were recovered at more than 70 % and the limit of quantification (signal-to-noise ratio = 10) ranged between 0.05 and 4 µg L -1 .

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Determination of Nonionic Polyethoxylate Surfactants in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 199 publications

References 16 publications

Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part III. Non-Ionic Compounds

Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part III. Non-Ionic Compounds

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-coated alumina and C18 cartridge for the separation and preconcentration of cationic surfactants prior to their quantitation by spectrophotometric method

Development of an analytical procedure for the measurement of nonionic aliphatic polyethoxylated surfactants in raw wastewater

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