“…This modification is helpful in understanding the redox properties of proteins (enzymes), and more importantly, in developing biosensors and the related apparatus. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a new type of carbon nanomaterials, have attracted considerable attention in recent years for this purpose [5][6][7][8][9][10] because of their remarknon-covalent approaches [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] in order to obtain desired properties. This mechanism of covalent functionalization is based on the formation of chemical bonds between CNTs and functionalized molecules, and the non-covalent functionalization is based on adsorption, wrapping, -stacking, or hydrophobic/-interactions, etc.…”