Determination of nitrite by simple diazotization method

Sreekumar, N. V.; Narayana, B.; Hegde, Prashant; Manjunatha, B.R.; Sarojini, B. K.

doi:10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00093-0

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Still, the most frequently employed methodology for the determination of nitrite is spectrophotometric method [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] used and insufficient sensitivity or use expensive reagents. The APHA and AOAC official method of analysis involves the reaction of N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride with sulphanilamide [5,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of nitrite in environmental and biological samples using 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid monosodium salt

Nagaraja

Al-Tayar

Shivakumar

et al. 2010

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of nitrite in environmental and biological samples using 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid monosodium salt

Nagaraja

Al-Tayar

Shivakumar

et al. 2010

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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“…19 The effectiveness of a chromogenic reagent solution (0.03 mol L -1 sulfanilamide and 0.002 mol L -1 NED in 0.6 mol L -1 HCl) proposed in the literature was examined and showed to be also well suited for the MTZ analysis under the proposed FIA conditions. 15 The color develops immediately and no interference from by products of the hydrolysis was verified in the nitrite subsequent reactions.…”

Section: The Diazotization and Coupling Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow injection determination of metronidazole through spectrophotometric measurement of the nitrite ion produced upon alkaline hydrolysis

Simões¹,

Medeiros²,

Gaião³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um novo método para determinação de metronidazol, baseado no monitoramento espectrométrico do sal de diazônio produzido in-line pelos íons nitrito, liberados numa hidrólise alcalina, foi desenvolvido e aplicado com sucesso a comprimidos (r = 0,9993, 2,0-20,0 mg L -1 , LD = 0,7 mg L -1 ), sem interferência de ingredientes comumente presentes.A new method for metronidazole determination, based on spectrometric monitoring of a diazonium salt produced in-line by alkaline hydrolysis released nitrite ions, was developed and successfully applied to pharmaceutical tablets (r = 0.9993, 2.0-20.0 mg L -1 , DL = 0.7 mg L -1 ) with no interference from common ingredients accompanying the drug. Keywords: flow injection analysis, spectrophotometry, pharmaceuticals, metronidazole, nitrite IntroductionMetronidazole (MTZ), 2-(5-nitro-2-methylimidazol-1-yl)-ethanol, likewise others nitroimidazole derivatives presents biological activity against anaerobic micro-organisms, being largely used as the active ingredient of antihelminthic medicines. 1 Thus, there is an important demand for rapid and simple methods for the determination of MTZ in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods based on HPLC and classical volumetric titration are recommended by the pharmacopoeia for the direct determination of MTZ. 2 Although this later one is kind of simple, being daily practiced in many routine analysis laboratories, it is time consuming and very tedious as it is based on the use of acetic anhydride. Various research studies have been devoted to the development of new high performance alternative methods for determination of the drug in dosage forms using different techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography, 3 supercritical fluid chromatography, 4 differential pulse polarography 5 and voltammetry with glassy carbon electrode 6 or chemically modified electrodes. 7 Flow analysis approaches have also being successfully applied on developing fast analytical methods for determination of some antihelmintic and antiprotozoal with spectrometric 8-10 and biamperometric detection in dosage forms. 11 The alkaline hydrolysis of MTZ releases the nitro group as nitrite ion and the reaction can be carried out in a quantitative way by controlling the pH, temperature and hydrolysis time. Thus, a simple measurement of the yielded nitrite ions can be used to determine MTZ. This approach has been taken advantage of to implement MTZ analytical procedures. [12][13][14] An assay based on measurement of the change in ultraviolet absorbance during the alkaline hydrolysis of the compound was proposed for determination of MTZ in oral suspensions. 12 Another one, based on colorimetric monitoring of the diazonium salt produced by a diazotizationcoupling reaction with the released nitrite ions, has long been proposed and optimized later on. 13,14 Despite the good selectivity and sensitivity of these procedures, they are time consuming and employ large amounts of reagents.This work describes a flow injection analysis (FIA) approach for determination of MTZ based o...

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“…6 In addition, nitrite ions oxidize iron atoms in the hemoglobin of red blood cells, forming methemoglobin, resulting in decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and leading to the disease known as methemoglobinemia. 7 High concentrations of nitrite in drinking water can be hazardous to health, especially in the case of infants and pregnant women. 8 Due to these toxic effects, agencies worldwide regulate the nitrite content of foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylene Violet 3 RAX Dye as a New Reagent for the Determination of Nitrite in Cured Meats and Vegetables

Rocha

Petruci

Cardoso

2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this contribution we propose, for the first time, the use of Methylene Violet 3 RAX dye for the detection and determination of nitrite in cured meats and vegetables. Quantification is based on the decrease in absorbance of the dye, which is proportional to the nitrite concentration. The proposed method presents linear response (r > 0.99) in the range from 1.8 to 9 μmol L -1 of nitrite, with a limit of detection of 0.14 μmol L -1 . Satisfactory accuracy with the official Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method was achieved, and the method was successfully applied to a wide range of cured meats and vegetables. The proposed method offers similar or superior performance to other optical methods used for the determination of nitrite in different matrices, with advantage in terms of reduction of chemical waste for each analysis, by minimizing amounts of reagents and products.Keywords: nitrite, food analysis, cured meat, spectrophotometry, Methylene Violet 3RAX IntroductionNitrite was first recognized as an active component in the meat curing process at the end of the 19 th century. 1The presence of nitrite as an impurity in salt resulted in an attractive red color in cured meats such as bacon, ham, and sausages, and also enhanced the flavor. 2 Moreover, nitrite is widely recognized to protect against Clostridium botulinum spores, assisting in the prevention of botulism.3 In addition to cured meats, nitrogen species occur naturally in vegetables consumed by humans. The nitrate ion is the main species present, because plants take up nitrogen from the soil in this form. Nitrates can be reduced to nitrites due to the action of bacteria. 4It is well known that once in the stomach, nitrite can react with secondary and tertiary amines to form N-nitroso compounds.5 Exposure to N-nitrosamines shows a strong association with increased risk of gastric and esophageal cancer. 6 In addition, nitrite ions oxidize iron atoms in the hemoglobin of red blood cells, forming methemoglobin, resulting in decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and leading to the disease known as methemoglobinemia. 7High concentrations of nitrite in drinking water can be hazardous to health, especially in the case of infants and pregnant women. Due to these toxic effects, agencies worldwide regulate the nitrite content of foods. An acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrite of 0-0.07 mg kg -1 body weight per day was established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). 9 The Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), the federal regulatory agency responsible for the monitoring of food additives in Brazil, has established a concentration limit for nitrite in cured meats of 150 mg kg -1 . 1529 Vol. 28, No. 8, 2017 electrochemistry. 6 Separation techniques (i.e., high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis) provide suitable sensitivity, however they are usually time-consuming, laborious and require bulkiness and expensive instruments. Electrochemical methods generally s...

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Determination of nitrite by simple diazotization method

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of nitrite in environmental and biological samples using 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid monosodium salt

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of nitrite in environmental and biological samples using 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid monosodium salt

Flow injection determination of metronidazole through spectrophotometric measurement of the nitrite ion produced upon alkaline hydrolysis

Methylene Violet 3 RAX Dye as a New Reagent for the Determination of Nitrite in Cured Meats and Vegetables

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