Determination of neutral sugars in plankton, sediments, and wood by capillary gas chromatography of equilibrated isomeric mixtures

Cowie, Gregory L.; Hedges, John I.

doi:10.1021/ac00267a046

Cited by 129 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Carbohydrates were hydrolyzed to their neutral sugar (aldose) monomers, and then the aldoses were measured using the method of Cowie and Hedges (1984b). Sediment samples were pretreated with 72 wt% H 2 SO 4 for 2 hr at room temperature, diluted to 1.2 M H 2 SO 4 and hydrolyzed at 100°C for 3 hr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, lignin phenols, found only in vascular plants, provide a way of tracing terrestrial inputs into marine systems (Goñi, this volume). Although not specific to terrestrial sources, measurements of the aldose monomers hydrolyzed from carbohydrates provide useful information regarding diagenesis, source, and reactivity of sedimentary organic matter Hedges, 1984a, 1984b). Because aldoses have been extensively studied in the modern Amazon River , the subaqueous Amazon Delta (R.G.…”

Section: Aldose Yields and Compositions Of Hole 932amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

Keil¹,

Tsamakis²,

Wolf³

et al. 1997

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 155 Scientific Results

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Mineral surface area (SA), neutral sugar (aldose) concentrations, and organic carbon content (OC) were measured in two holes from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 155 (Holes 932A and 942A) and compared to analogues from the modern Amazon River and Delta. Nearly all (>90%) of the OC in the ODP holes was tightly associated with the mineral phase; the two phases could not be quantitatively separated after sonication and density fractionation. Organic matter in Holes 932A and 942A can thus be functionally defined as adsorbed. There is a relationship between OC and a sediment transport pathway prior to deposition. When OC is normalized to a mineral surface area (OC:SA), sediments that were rapidly deposited and strongly influenced by the river had average OC:SA ratios of 0.46 and 0.39 mgCm −2 for Holes 932A and 942A. Sediment deposited indirectly through nepheloid transport had lower OC:SA ratios (average 0.32 and 0.24 mgCm −2 ). For comparison, OC:SA ratios of suspended sediments from the Amazon River average 0.67 mgCm −2 , and modern Amazon Delta sediments have a loading of ~0.30 mgCm −2 . Although aldose concentrations in Hole 932A decreased downcore, corresponding molecular compositional patterns do not suggest extensive in situ diagenesis. Rather, the aldose composition throughout Hole 932 lithologic Subunits IIA and IIB is similar to that of fine suspended particulate materials carried by the modern Amazon River, which are largely composed of degraded material derived from plants and riverine microorganisms. The aldose data support isotopic and lignin compositional evidence for a terrestrial-riverine source of organic matter in Unit II of Hole 932A, as suggested by Goñi (this volume).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aldose Yields and Compositions Of Hole 932amentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

Keil¹,

Tsamakis²,

Wolf³

et al. 1997

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 155 Scientific Results

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“…One method used 4M HCI hydrolysis at 100°C for 4 hours (10 mg of total sample/2m1 acid). The method of Cowie and Hedges (1984) was also tested, where the HMW DOM samples were hydrolyzed with 12 M H2S04 for 2 h at room temperature, then diluted to 1.2 M and hydrolyzed for 3 hours at 100°C. Both the TF A and HCI methods gave comparable yields (7-9% of total carbon in CRL HMW DOM), while the H2S04 method gave lower yields (3-5%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical characterization of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), (which are believed to be an important constituent of marine snow (Alldredge and Gotschalk, 1988;Mopper et al, 1995), POC (Cowie and Hedges, 1984; and POM gels (Chin et aI., 1998) all show the abundance of polysaccharides. The similarity in the ll.…”

Section: Ltesujtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mopper et al, 1995), and sediment trap material (pOC) (after Cowie and Hedges, 1984). Monosaccharides are galactose (Ga), fucose (F), mannose (M), glucose (G), rhamnose and arabinose (R+A) and xylose (X) The monosaccharides separated from the MAB depth profile (-1200/00 (MAB966, 300 m) and -590/00 (MAB967, 750 m) had D,14C values older than the DIC at each depth (-320/00 and -330/00), contrary to the data from the Pacific Ocean sample (P962).…”

Section: Ltesujtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High molecular weight (HMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater : chemical structure, sources and cycling

Aluwihare¹

1999

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Monosaccharides and Sugar Alcohol Analysis

Sturgeon

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Carbohydrates, including monosaccharides and sugar alcohols, are widely distributed in nature, being found in plants, animals and micro‐organisms. They occur free, or in glycosidic linkage as polysaccharides or glycoconjugates (glycoproteins and glycolipids). It is important that suitable and sensitive methods are available for the analysis of these sugars, as in many cases only very small (microgram) amounts of material may be available. Polysaccharides and glycoconjugates must first be depolymerized to produce the monosaccharides quantitatively. The total carbohydrate released in these reactions may be determined by spectrophotometric or enzymic procedures. Numerous separation and detection methods are available to measure the individual sugar components. Paper and thin‐layer chromatography were two of the earliest techniques available, giving mainly qualitative values for individual sugar components. Major advances were made first in gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) and then with various types of liquid chromatography (LC) in the separation of individual sugars. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are now two of the most commonly used techniques in sugar chromatography. Highly sophisticated detection systems, such as mass spectrometry (MS) for gas–liquid chromatographic separations, and spectrophotometric, fluorometric and electrochemical detection systems for LC of carbohydrates with suitable chromophores or fluorophores have been developed. Carbohydrates have been derivatized for use either in precolumn or postcolumn chromatography, resulting in the detection limit in the most sensitive systems approaching yoctomole levels for individual sugars.

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Determination of neutral sugars in plankton, sediments, and wood by capillary gas chromatography of equilibrated isomeric mixtures

Cited by 129 publications

References 38 publications

Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

Relationships between organic carbon preservation and mineral surface area in Amazon Fan (Holes 932A and 942A)

High molecular weight (HMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater : chemical structure, sources and cycling

Monosaccharides and Sugar Alcohol Analysis

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