Determination of net energy content of soybean oil fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

Abstract

The objectives of this experiment were: (i) to determine the net energy (NE) of soybean oil (SBO) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC); and (ii) to evaluate the effects of inclusion rate of SBO on heat production, oxidative status and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows were allotted to three diets based on completely randomized design with six replicate pigs (period) per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two test diets containing 5% or 10% SBO at the expense of corn and soybean meal. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 14 days, including 7 days to adapt to feed, metabolism crate and environmental conditions. On day 8, pigs were transferred to the open-circuit respiration chambers for measurement of daily O 2 consumption and CO 2 and CH 4 production. During this time, pigs were fed one of the three diets at 2.4 MJ metabolizable energy/kg body weight (BW) 0.6 /day. Total feces and urine were collected and daily total heat production (THP) was measured from days 9 to 13 and fasted on day 14 to evaluate their fasting heat production (FHP). The results show that trends of decreased apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.09) and acid detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.07) were observed as the content of dietary lipids increased. The average THP for the three diets were 1326, 1208 and 1193 kJ/kg BW 0.6 /day, respectively. The FHP of pigs averaged 843 kJ/kg BW 0.6 /day and was not affected by diet characteristics. A reduction of the respiratory quotients in the fed state as the inclusion level of SBO increased was observed. In conclusion, the NE values of SBO we determined by indirect calorimetry were 33.45 and 34.05 MJ/kg dry matter under two inclusion levels. THP could be largely reduced when SBO is added in the feed, but the THP of SBO included at 5% in a corn-soybean meal diet is not different from the THP of SBO included at 10%.

Effects of dietary fibre level and body weight of pigs on nutrient digestibility and available energy in high‐fibre diet based on wheat bran or sunflower meal

“…Some studies reported that increasing DF level by graded inclusion of WB or sugar beet pulp decreased digestion of energy and other nutrients (Huang et al, ; Zhang et al, ). The impact of dietary fat level on ATTD of EE in the current study was in agreement with Li et al () where ATTD of crude fat linearly increased when dietary fat level increased. It can be explained that the endogenous concentration of fat had a greater effect on the apparent fat digestibility at low dietary fat levels than at higher levels (Kil, Sauber, Jones, & Stein, ).…”

“…The impact of dietary fat level on ATTD of EE in the current study was in agreement with Li et al (2017) where ATTD of crude fat linearly increased when dietary fat level increased. It can be explained that the endogenous concentration of fat had a greater effect on the apparent fat digestibility at low dietary fat levels than at higher levels (Kil, Sauber, Jones, & Stein, 2010).…”

Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

“…Dietary fiber has a negative effect on EE digestibility (Noblet & Le Goff, ), but pigs fed the PKE diets had the greater ATTD of EE. Previous studies also reported that the ATTD of EE increased as dietary fat intake increased (Jørgensen, Jakobsen, & Eggum, ; Li, Lv, et al., ), indicating that the endogenous fat has a greater influence on the apparent fat digestibility at low dietary levels than at higher levels (Li, Lv, et al., ). Data for the ATTD of CP confirm that pigs fed OB, WB, and PKE diets had greater nitrogen output from feces.…”

Evaluation of high nutrient diets and additional dextrose on reproductive performance and litter performance of heat‐stressed lactating sows

“…According to previous studies, litter performance and feed intake are affected by increasing energy density in a hot environment (Choi et al, ; Renaudeau & Noblet, ). Based on the net energy system for sows, the relative heat increment of supplementary fat during the digestion process is lower than starch (Li et al, ). Therefore, a lower heat increment can be expected in sows fed high‐fat diets.…”

“…Based on the net energy system for sows, the relative heat increment of supplementary fat during the digestion process is lower than starch (Li et al, 2018). Therefore, a lower heat increment can be expected in sows fed high-fat diets.…”