Determination of nanomolar levels of nutrients in seawater

Ma, Jian; Adornato, Lori; Byrne, Robert H.; Yuan, Dongxing

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.013

Cited by 69 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Orthophosphate was measured in the probes by using acid molybdate solution and ascorbic acid and measuring spectrophotometrically the blue color of the phosphomolybdenum complex formed at 880 nm [1,5,9], whereas, in μLFA modules, it was determined by fluorescence quenching of Rhodamine 6G [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…INTRODUCTION Nutrients are chemical substances that are indispensable to plant and animal diet. Inorganic macro-nutrients in water especially include ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate ions [1]. Regrettably, an unbalanced release of nutrients into aquatic ecosystems, as in proximity of intensively cultivated areas and large urban settlements, can produce undesirable effects such as toxic algal blooms, anoxic conditions and increases of turbidity and sedimentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported so far, including microfluidics, microwave technology, amperometry, lab-on-chip technique, fibre optics, ion-sensitive electrodes, synthetic receptors, molecularly imprinted polymers and biosensors [7,8,9,10,11]. Despite that, standard wet-chemical analysis still offers the most suitable and selective techniques to detect very low concentrations of nutrients in water environments [1,12]. SYSTEA S.p.A. has been dedicating the last two decades to the development and improvement of cutting-edge automated solutions for on-line nutrient monitoring based on colorimetric and fluorimetric methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Automated micro Loop Flow Reactor technology to measure nutrients in coastal water: State of the art and field application

Bodini¹,

Sanfilippo²,

Savino³

et al. 2015

OCEANS 2015 - Genova

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Nutrient pollution is one of worldwide most diffused, expensive and challenging environmental issues.The monitoring of nutrients in coastal areas is a complex task, due to the fact that the available methods reaching the required sensitivity are based on optical wet chemistry measurements. In order to be representative, a reliable water sample collection for further laboratory analysis requires a very strict protocol and sample handling. Because of this, most of the scientists agree in affirming that the best and practical solution is to measure nutrients directly on field. SYSTEA S.p.A. has been working in the last two decades to improve automated solutions for on-line nutrient monitoring. The micro Loop Flow Reactor (μLFR) technology was presented in 2009 in Oceans conference in Biloxi (USA) and is currently a consolidated technique allowing the field measurement of nutrients in different environmental conditions.Fast growing urbanization and industrialization of river basins and coastal areas in China are imposing the local Government to improve large water quality monitoring networks; during the last few years, around one hundred in-situ nutrient multi-parameter probes (NPA pro and WIZ) were installed and provided extensive long term data to support the environmental control and related decisions making policy.The WIZ probe is an advanced real time instrument to measure the nutrient concentrations in aquatic environments. In particular, it is the only portable and submersible equipment able to measure the total concentrations of both phosphorus and nitrogen. The uniqueness of this probe is given by the fact that the unit performing the sample digestion, required for the analysis of both total phosphorus and nitrogen, was downscaled to fit within the probe.The efficiency of NPA pro and WIZ probes in measuring the concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and nitrite was evaluated on field deployments in coastal waters, in China and South Korea, respectively. Importantly, the probe results were found to be highly correlated with laboratory measurements.The μLFR technology was also applied to the design and manufacturing of μLFA modules, on-line nutrient analyzers integrated in Ferrybox systems for the measurement of ammonia and orthophosphates. In situ results obtained in Ferrybox installations were compared and correlated with laboratory analysis of grab samples.Finally, a number of practical solutions for the improvement of NPA pro and WIZ probes in terms of instrument robustness, data reproducibility, deployment life and reliability, were, for the first time, presented and discussed.The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) is a US partnership of research organizations, water stakeholders and private companies competent in the field of nutrient management which, by means of dedicated market surveys, were able to catalogue the most frequently requested specifications for nutrient analyzers. This record was used as a guide to assess the current performance level of μLFR-based probes and modules with resp...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated micro Loop Flow Reactor technology to measure nutrients in coastal water: State of the art and field application

Bodini¹,

Sanfilippo²,

Savino³

et al. 2015

OCEANS 2015 - Genova

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“…Oceanographic nutrient measurements are commonly made using traditional, discrete shipboard sampling techniques and on-board analyses (Patey et al, 2008;Ma et al, 2014). Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the development of in situ nutrient sensors and a few sensors are commercially available to measure nitrate and phosphate (Thouron et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2013;Legiret et al, 2013;Grand et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the development of in situ nutrient sensors and a few sensors are commercially available to measure nitrate and phosphate (Thouron et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2013;Legiret et al, 2013;Grand et al, 2017). Silicate is traditionally analyzed by spectrophotometric/colorimetry methods requiring liquid reagents addition (wet chemical techniques) (Thouron et al, 2003;Ma et al, 2014). We propose to use an electrochemical sensor to detect silicate without any liquid reagent addition using an in situ oxidation of a molybdenum electrode to form the silicomolybdic complex detectable on gold working electrode, thanks to a special design of the electrochemical cell using Nafion R membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Deployment and Validation of in Situ Silicate Electrochemical Sensor in Seawater

et al. 2018

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An electrochemical sensor is proposed to measure silicate concentration, in situ, in the ocean without any addition of liquid reagent. From the analytical principle to the laboratory prototype toward the first in situ, immersible sensor, the evolution of the mechanical design is presented and discussed. The developed in situ electronics were compared to the commercial potentiostat and gave promising results to detect low silicate signals with a limit of quantification of 1 µmol L −1 .The flow rate of the pump appeared to be a crucial parameter in order to transfer the silicomolybdic complex formed from the "complexation cell" to the "detection cell" without dilution as well as to fill and rinse the whole circuit. The study of temperature effect revealed no influence on the electrochemical signal between ∼7 • and ∼21 • C. Finally the sensor was successfully deployed for the very first time on a mooring off Coquimbo, Chile and also integrated onto a PROVOR profiling float in the Mediterranean Sea off Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. The data collected and/or sent through satellite were in good agreement with the 2 reference samples and previously published values illustrating the great potential of this electrochemical sensor. A 7 days silicate time series from the mooring deployment off Chile is also presented.

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Ammonia, Nitrate, and Urea Sensors in Aquatic Environments

Franco

2023

Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality

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Determination of nanomolar levels of nutrients in seawater

Cited by 69 publications

References 85 publications

Automated micro Loop Flow Reactor technology to measure nutrients in coastal water: State of the art and field application

Automated micro Loop Flow Reactor technology to measure nutrients in coastal water: State of the art and field application

First Deployment and Validation of in Situ Silicate Electrochemical Sensor in Seawater

Ammonia, Nitrate, and Urea Sensors in Aquatic Environments

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